Model predicts 'religiosity gene' will dominate society
January 28, 2011 By Lisa Zyga
A variety of religious symbols. A new study has investigated how the differing fertility rates between religious and secular individuals might affect the genetic evolution of society overall. Image credit: Wikimedia Commons.
(PhysOrg.com) -- In the past 20 years, the Amish population in the US has doubled, increasing from 123,000 in 1991 to 249,000 in 2010. The huge growth stems almost entirely from the religious cultures high fertility rate, which is about 6 children per woman, on average. At this rate, the Amish population will reach 7 million by 2100 and 44 million by 2150. On the other hand, the growth may not continue if future generations of Amish choose to defect from the religion and if secular influences reduce the birth rate. In a new study, Robert Rowthorn, emeritus professor of economics at Cambridge University, has looked at the broader picture underlying this particular example: how will the high fertility rates of religious people throughout the world affect the future of human genetic evolution, and therefore the biological makeup of society?
Rowthorn has developed a model that shows that the genetic components that predispose a person toward religion are currently hitchhiking on the back of the religious cultural practice of high fertility rates. Even if some of the people who are born to religious parents defect from religion and become secular, the religious genes they carry (which encompass other personality traits, such as obedience and conservativism) will still spread throughout society, according to the models numerical simulations.
Provided the fertility of religious people remains on average higher than that of secular people, the genes that predispose people towards religion will spread, Rowthorn told PhysOrg.com. The bigger the fertility differential between religious and secular people, the faster this genetic transformation will occur. This does not mean that everyone will become religious. Genes are not destiny. Many people who are genetically predisposed towards religion may in fact lead secular lives because of the cultural influences they have been exposed to.
The models assumptions are based on data from previous research. Studies have shown that, even controlling for income and education, people who are more religious have more children, on average, than people who are secular (defined here as having a religious indifference). According to the World Values Survey for 82 countries, adults attending religious services more than once per week averaged 2.5 children, those attending once per month averaged 2.01 children, and those never attending averaged 1.67 children. The more orthodox the religious sect, the higher the fertility rate, with sects such as the Amish, the Hutterites, and Haredi having up to four times as many children as the secular average. Studies have found that the high fertility rates stem from cultural and social influences by religious organizations rather than biological factors.
But while fertility is determined by culture, an individuals predisposition toward religion is likely to be influenced by genetics, in addition to their upbringing. In the model, Rowthorn uses a religiosity gene to represent the various genetic factors that combine to genetically predispose a person toward religion, whether remaining religious from youth or converting to religion from a secular upbringing. On the flip side, the nonreligiosity allele of this gene makes a person more likely to remain or become secular. If both parents have the religiosity allele, their children are also more likely to have the religiosity allele than if one or both parents did not have it. However, children born to religious parents may have the nonreligiosity allele, while children born to secular parents may have the religiosity allele. Having the religiosity allele does not make a person religious, but it makes a person more likely to have characteristics that make them religiously inclined; the converse is also true.
All individuals, whether they have religious or secular upbringings, have a chance of defecting. Rowthorn explained that the rates of defection from religious to secular and from secular to religious preferences depend on time and place.
Amongst Christian Churches in Europe and North America, defection rates are higher than conversion rates, he said. In some cases, such as the Amish, these losses are greatly outweighed by their very high fertility. However, for mainstream Churches, such as the Catholics or Anglicans, the birth rate is not high enough on its own to offset defections and they rely on immigration to maintain their numbers. In certain other parts of the world, such as East Asia, mainstream Christian Churches are growing through conversion.
Rowthorns model shows that, even when the religious defection rate is high, the overall high fertility rate of religious people will cause the religiosity allele to eventually predominate the global society. The model shows that the wide gap in fertility rates could have a significant genetic effect in just a few generations. The model predicts that the religious fraction of the population will eventually stabilize at less than 100%, and there will remain a possibly large percentage of secular individuals. But nearly all of the secular population will still carry the religious allele, since high defection rates will spread the religious allele to secular society when defectors have children with a secular partner. Overall, nearly all of the population will have a genetic predisposition toward religion, although some or many of these individuals will lead secular lives, Rowthorn concluded.
The rate at which religious people abandon their faith affects the eventual share of the population who are religious, Rowthorn said. However, it does not alter the conclusion of the article that the religiosity allele will eventually take over. If the defection rate is high, there will be lots of children who are brought up as religious and carry the religiosity allele, but who give up their faith. Such people will carry the religiosity allele into the secular population with them. Many of their descendents will also carry this allele and be secular. In this case, the high fertility group is constantly sending migrants into the low-fertility secular population. Such migrations will simultaneously boost the size of the secular population and transform its genetic composition.
Rowthorn acknowledges that he can only speculate on how a genetic predisposition toward religion may manifest itself in a secular context. Previous research has suggested that a genetic predisposition toward religion is tied to a variety of characteristics such as conservatism, obedience to authority, and the inclination to follow rituals. In this instance of evolution, its possible that these characteristics may become widespread not for their own fitness but by hitching a ride with a high-fitness cultural practice.
More information: Robert Rowthorn. Religion, fertility and genes: a dual inheritance model. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2010.2504
Copyright 2010 PhysOrg.com.
All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed in whole or part without the express written permission of PhysOrg.com.
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Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4.7 / 5 (45)
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (56)
Religionists will continue to fight and kill each other off by Design. Those few individuals who are pragmatic and resourceful enough to escape the quagmire, will survive and propagate more reasonably and within their means.
This has been the Formula for the last few millenia, and the world has gradually gotten saner as a result. Stability and Progress have flourished. Railroads were built and the interstate was constructed.
Does this mean that the amish will battle the hasidic, the hispanic catholic, and the islamists in the vast and fertile plains of central pennsylvania? Perhaps. Anabaptist armageddon.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 2.6 / 5 (44)
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4.4 / 5 (32)
The point of this diatribe is that our current society may be breeding out intelligence, the less intelligent are definitely having a lot more kids than the replacement rate. If there's a god that said 'go forth and prosper', he didn't mean what we are doing or the devout's interpretation of having as many children as possible.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4.8 / 5 (12)
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (24)
?? what is that supposed to mean? There are such things as religious genes? What utter nonense.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (27)
It is instructive to note how frequently highly educated people promote total B.S.
The need/desire to publish apparently overwhelmes any common sense which might otherwise direct behavior into something productive.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 3.8 / 5 (10)
I highly doubt it, because for one I do not believe it is fully genetic, but highly dependable on the environment you grow up in. Perhaps America is headed toward a more religious state if we don't fix our educational system, food, and government (which they all work in a spiral effect; making Americans more ignorant which deters them from seeing the mess our government and other companies are making).
I have hope however that with the technology age, people will become more educated, and artificial intelligent machines will help us along with personalized genes and brain enhancing technologies. We act as if society is frozen and consistent and by 2100 birth rates and religion will be constant -- they won't be, especially in this up and coming singularity.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4.6 / 5 (16)
If you reject your religion, you reject many of the other expectations that come with it, including the number of "little miracles" you bring into this world.
I'm not anti-religion, nor am I pro-religion. I don't think anyone's personal choices (like number of children, size of mortgate or charitable contributions - religious or secular) should be my responsibility through tax incentives. I've seen religions do a lot of good, and I've seen them destroy lives. I prefer judging each tree by its own fruit rather than to color all of them with the same brush.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4.8 / 5 (11)
If India was full of Atheists instead of Hindus etc, it would still have its terribly high population growth because it is due to poor farmers having a lot of children to help work the land.
Its a deeper topic due to what happens to those children, but its not because they are religious.
I would hypothesize that the same is true for the Amish, as what do the Amish do? Farm.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 2.9 / 5 (50)
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (14)
Declare the "God gene" as a disease and those carrying it as defective or non-human.
Sterilize all humans carrying the supposed gene. Make in-utero genetic testing mandatory to ensure that only those fetuses with the "God gene" are aborted.
Impose crippling taxes on "God gene" carriers who dare to procreate in defiance of the law and the new world order teachings.
I am sure there are many more "solutions" because liberals are far more creative in such matters than I am.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 2.9 / 5 (50)
There is only one solution: give up your god and learn to live within your means. Its the only way you can expect the others to do the same.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
Jan 28, 2011
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Jan 28, 2011
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Jan 28, 2011
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Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 2.6 / 5 (44)
"Births per 1000 women, categorized according to a specific composition of mothers in the population: (1) Crude birth rate: number of live births per 1000 of population. (2) General fertility rate: number of live births per 1000 women between the ages of 15 and 44 years." -etc.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4.9 / 5 (15)
Is there a gay gene? Probably not. Is homosexuality a matter of choice? Generally no.
Is there a complex combination of genetic traits, the cultural environment, and other factors that influence a person's sexual preference? Absolutely.
Don't be ignorant.
Is it likely that genetic traits influence a person's receptiveness to religious ideas, in addition to the person's culture and upbringing? Yes, it is likely, but by no means has it been proven.
Can religions have an influence on the reproduction rate of a population? Yes. Are there other factors that also contribute? Yes.
Again, let's be reasonable and avoid silly arguments with unnecessary hyperbole and semantic quibbling.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (9)
I've been "practicing" since high school.
Jan 28, 2011
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Jan 28, 2011
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Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 3.3 / 5 (7)
Why should some citizens pay for another's choice to have children? Why should we be further burdening our dependants with our financial security - shouldn't we be responsibile for ourselves? We are already set on leaving them a world with less and less resources. The great society is a criminal farce and we need to reconsider self reliance and self accountability. Presently we cannot "afford" to reduce our population without sending our elders to the chairty line. The social agenda of the last 50 years is bankrupting us.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4.1 / 5 (7)
Over-populated world + fundamentalism + militance = reduced population through religious wars.
Go, Mother Earth, go! Cull this herd!
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4.5 / 5 (4)
Organizationally speaking, you need a lot more Indians than Chiefs, so it makes sense that the follower behavior would be the dominant one in a given population. Combine that follower's instinct with the capacity for abstract thought and symbolism and you have a fairly simple formula for the emergent behavior we describe as Religion.
Will genetic selection push us towards a higher proportion of followers to independents? Probably, if our population density continues to grow.
However, if bands with a high proportion of independent thinkers prove much more adept at technology they may forcibly displace those who rely too heavily on followers... Or not.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (4)
So, basically religion is an emergent behavior that is NOT going away, because it serves a real need despite its ridiculous mythical underpinnings. All you need to do is create a religion that serves that need - but without the negative baggage. Not a simple order.
On the plus side, L.Ron Hubbard did show us that its pretty damn easy to start a new religion out of nothing - he just saddled us with a fairly terrible one as some kind of bad joke. :P
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
Be careful what you wish for. While I agree with your first statement (don't subsidize children), the latter is a mistake. It is quite well understood that in countries where the government does not help arrange for the care of the sick and elderly, religious organizations will, and in so doing they gain an enormous number of direct converts.
Religion won't just 'go away' if you ignore it and force people to fend for themselves, society needs to structure itself in an intentional way to minimize its importance or IT becomes the overriding social support mechanism, displacing government and private industry alike (see: most of the Middle and Far East)
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
You're getting somewhere, but evolution acts way too slowly. I'm not that patient, but I hope I don't have to be. Hopefully the interwebnets will assist enough in getting the atheist word out before it's too late; before the religonuts end the world; before we secularists can finally find the true way to be with each other.
Jan 28, 2011
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Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (2)
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
While most of what you said make sense. But when you allude to Social Security leading us into bankruptcy you couldn't be further from the truth. SS has been running surpluses for decades.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 1.7 / 5 (6)
Need a babysitter, especially during the day when teenagers are in school? Almost any retired church member would be glad to entertain your children for a few hours. (And entertain themselves during the process. ;-)
Would I raise children without a good church to help? No. Did I raise two wonderful children with the help of the church? Yes. It really made the process of raising (nice) children pleasant, instead of impossible.
Do other religions have other attitudes about raising children? Sure. But this works for me.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
"The SS program paid out more than it took in last year. Their new projection says that it will run a $45 billion deficit this year. "
http:/www.theburningplatform.com/?tag=bankrupt
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
You are making a claim. That claim is that this study is nonsense. But you also say, you don't understand. Why not read up on genetics a bit before dashing off your claim on how genetics works? You may find some twin studies informative.
Also you refer to "religious genes." No one is saying that genes have a Religion. If they do have one that you know of (you seem to know everything) please let the world know.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
Half of what you say is true, it paid out more than it took in, but it still ran a surplus because of interest income from its 2.5 trillion accumulated surpluses. Futhermore it was the recession that caused tax revenue deficit last year and for this year it is the 2% payroll tax reduction that will cause the $45 billion tax revenue deficit.
SS will still run a surplus this year when you figure in the interest income on its huge bond holdings!
SS in not responsible for any of the deficit this country has been running for at least the last 25 years!
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 1.7 / 5 (6)
The only wealth any govt has is what it confiscates from its citizens.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
IMO, this gene simply does not exist. While there may very well be, and probably are, a host of heritable characteristics that predispose one towards a devotional-type personality, there are many things that can displace religion.
IMO, adherence to a religion is far more likely linked to an individual's level of affluence and education, in an inverse relation, although this obviously isn't a hard and fast rule.
Regarding the Amish -it is well-established that the numbers of adherents have waxed and waned over time, mainly in relation to overall opportunity for upward mobility, with numbers increasing in hard times, and decreasing in better.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Apologies, Question -meant to rate you 5!
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (2)
The most important of all is how a person's brain is wired at birth. As a child grows the wiring of the brain can and does change due to conditioning.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
Homosexuals claim they are born that way.
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
How do you know?
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
You made the claim homosexuality is not genetic. Homosexuals claim their sexuality is not a choice.
Why would they make that claim?
Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (6)
It certainly isn't a 'choice'. Human sexuality spans a spectrum from straight to gay to asexual. This does not mean a gene is involved (none have been found). There are other possibilities, like hormonal chemistry in the womb which may have developmental epigenetic effects. Bottom line, no one knows for sure, but to assume that sexuality is a simple binary 'choice' is ridiculous.
Jan 28, 2011
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Jan 28, 2011
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Jan 28, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
The point of this diatribe is that our current society may be breeding out intelligence, the less intelligent are definitely having a lot more kids than the replacement rate."
You're a eugenicist and sound like Josef Goebbels. I can't believe that you think that YOU'RE intelligent. You're a stupid racist, pure and simple.
And the rest of you, proselytizing atheism, you're as obnoxious as the Vatican. You should believe in God, you shouldn't believe in God, who the fuck are any of you to dictate what people should believe?
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
homophobia, political trolling, stereotyping, religious and secular agendas...
Just like this article, there's no real science here. No worthwhile discussion, just a bunch of armchair quarterbacks looking for self glorification.
And as such, I'll be deleting my account, and my bookmarks. There were some kind people out here and I'm gratefull for that. But I've seen quite enough.
Goodbye, Physorg.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
"I hold it to be a self evident truth that no two humans are equal by any measure at all."
Humans are a work in progress. Some are more fit for survival than others.
I would wager that bigger brains will win out, because we have no other strong suite. (Even if the big brains are only used to rationalise their stupidity.)
However, evolution is a random walk, so nothing is given.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (4)
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (4)
I think the model is flawed. As our societies become more complex and our technological needs become more and more paramount, the religous will be left behind unless their religion changes or becomes of less import in their lives.
We can see now that the more religious someone is in America, the less applicable skills they have in modern industrialized societies on average.
The Amish are a prime example. With some of the more fundamental sects utilizing equipment from 200 years ago to farm their productive output puts an upper limit on the population they can support.
This will make groups like the "quiver full" movement more and more economically destitute. Once they can't afford large families, they'll have fewer children as their innate survival mechanisms will kick in.
Natural selection works on ideology as well as biological systems.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (7)
That or a paraphrase of it is a common expression of the atheist community. Since human beings have never depended on any god to explain phenomena, the phrase is as meaningless as it is condescending.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
The statement "I had no need of (a creator) hypothesis." was said to Napoleon when the two were reviewing LaPlace's book on the mechanics of the solar system.
As for condescention, the majority of people depend on religion to explain reality, otherwise it wouldn't be such a large portion of each mythos.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
Since no god spends his/her time explaining science or technology, my comment on the meaningless and condescending nature of the expression was correct.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
Beyond that you discount Udayism, which is the perversion of science through stating a holy scripture already pre-explained a scientific discovery.
The only condescention here is yours.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
But before anyone asks, I do not wish to share what those big juicy nuggets are.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
Absolutely. Such as Job's knowledge that the world was hung "upon nothing" and that there was no land at the north pole. But people do not normally expect scientific data from their gods.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (4)
Apologists and misologists need not apply.
damn it physorg, you've done it again. Get ready for a several hundred comment article.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
In science we have something called falsifiability, I don't need to explain to you were god comes from.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
No, your comprehension of the expression was simply very poor.
What it was referring to is also pretty well known as the "god of the gaps". It goes like this: There is a gap in our knowledge, something we do not understand. The things in this gap are best explained as acts of God.
Note that it is not saying "God will talk to us and explain the gap" - but that the gap is itself explained by the existence of god.
The natural follow-on is that as our knowledge grows, the gaps shrink, as does our need to explain the gap away by saying "god did it".
Simples.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (4)
You are certainly welcome to worship the gap god.
I don't.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (4)
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 4.7 / 5 (3)
If this "previous research" suggested that it leads people to be prone to rituals and obedience, it might very well have given the carriers a survival benefit in tribal societies but if that benefit no longer exists in complex societies full of con-artists and cults, then the only advantage the supposed gene confers is to make the carrier more likely to be part of a culture which promotes large families.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 4.7 / 5 (3)
Social conservativism and religiosity increases fertility for the Amish and Islamic herds (but then leaves their kids unvaccinated) but it loses its advantage after one or two generations in an advanced economy.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (6)
All religion is a process of indoctrination and it starts from birth before the child has developed any reasoning ability.
A quote attributed to Saint Francis Xavier says it all
"Give me the child till 7 and I will give you the man"
Or as Saint Ignatius is alleged to have said.
"Give me the child and I will mould you the man"
That says it all.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
They contribute little to the general welfare of the the state.
I personally like the Amish lifestyle and self reliance, however
without some form of protection from others they would not exist.
Jan 29, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Ironically, now that it has been several centuries since wars have been fought over religious doctrine, the genotypes which tend towards fanaticism and blind obedience to authority have regained their numbers-- through the very process described in this study-- and now it appears we are entering a period in which history begins repeating.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Two things about this 'study.' First this is a model that purports to explain something in terms that may or may not have any reality in fact. As Dr. Jerry McGuire once said, 'show me the data.'
Second, this is not even new. Korean War POW studies and other similar material has shown that belief in a deity or higher power among groups undergoing significant stress provides a benefit to survival.
Who's surprised that self-absorption and disbelief in some form of immortality, accurate or not, leads to elimination from the gene pool.
It should be noted, too, for those who see this as a trait favoring the unintelligent that there's not guarantee nature cares about intelligence--just reproduction.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
If and when you are able to figure out that everything did not come from nothing then you will have several choices.
Of those choices you will then need to choose one that fits your model.
That is where the math to your Gap God will not add-up.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
There is evidence that we will be able to brew up life from the lab in the near future, which indicates we'll solve this mystery and push your god further into the gaps.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 2.6 / 5 (5)
Actually, there is no evidence that we will be able to "brew up" life. We know nothing about the beginning of life on this planet. Nothing does not constitute evidence of anything.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
So where did God come from? If I recall correctly, the Bible does not say where God came from, just that he suddenly created everything from nothing. Oh wait, people keep saying that is impossible.
So to sum up:
1) where did god come from?
2) where did the universe he/it/she made come from?
PS seems to me that the religious types do the whole "it came from nothing" too, they just label it with "god" whereas science labels it with "big bang," and so far the only evidence for any of it comes from science.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
I believe the standard scientific answer to #1 is that anything which happened prior to the creation of this universe cannot be known.
As to #2:
1) If your view that there was no God involved, then you have no answer.
2) If your view is that God created the universe, then you have no answer.
Either way, you do not know where the substance of the universe "came from".
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
Au contraire... Your response demonstrates precisely what the God Of the Gaps conjecture is talking about. There is a gap in our knowledge - in your example, the origin of the universe, to paraphrase. Therefore, _insert_god_of_choice_here_
must be responsible.
On an aside: it is not 'my' god. I seem to have misplaced mine ;)
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
My point is that such programs depend on many people contributing to support those in the retirement program. While on the face this seems a goodly thing - in reality it depends on and requires an every increasing population of tax paying workers. Most people in my generation know that they cannot depend on Social Security being there for them when they retire. The solution? We invest in our own retirement. If SS is still solvent, then great. Otherwise, I'm still good. Self reliance and sufficient planning is the solution. The only reason the SS system has been solvent so far is because of the success of the "Baby Boomers". What happens when they start retiring?
Jan 30, 2011
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- Jack Nicholson/"Five Easy Pieces"
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (2)
No, that should more correctly be stated:
'I believe the standard scientific answer to #1 is that anything which happened prior to the creation of this universe cannot be known [YET].'
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Jan 30, 2011
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Are you forgetting Ireland, or was that just a skirmish?
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)
I already know the answer, but like I have said before, I do not work for free.
For the time being I will enjoy all of the ranting for entertainment.
Jan 30, 2011
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Jan 30, 2011
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Greedy wouldn't be the word I would use, more like self preserving and resource based.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
Yes SS is solvent it has a surplus of about 2.5 trillion dollars.
And the very reason this surplus was built up was to pay for the Baby Boomers retirement.
To cut the benefits of these Baby Boomer would be nothing short of a fraud. After all they have been paying an extra SS tax for years to build up this surplus.
Finally all this talk about cutting SS to help balance the budget is just a big LIE.
SS has not been responsible for any of the present deficit or any of the accumulated debt of the Federal government.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Have you ever heard of increased productivity? Productivity has increased by about 75% since 1980. That is what raises everyone's standard of living, or at least it should. Everyone should share in this including retirees!
You can have a decrease in the supporting population that has a 75% increase in productivity and support an increasing retired population.
With a 75% increase in productivity we should be talking about LOWERING the retirement age and increasing the SS benefits!
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Telekinetic: Are you forgetting Ireland, or was that just a skirmish? TabulaMentis:"Humans' are a greedy bunch, it does not matter what the hell they believe."
I was referring to the Irish Protestant/Catholic conflict that lasted for over a decade. It was war. Remember kneecapping? A lot more painful than Ireland's recent economic collapse, which you must've thought I meant.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
"Nothing" sure works for you in regards to your belief in a god.
Look up research being done on synthetic proteins recently. It's evidence that we will be able to create life; it's at very least more evidence than what's provided by "'cause the bible says". You once again make the assumption that if we can't do something now, it remains forever the realm of deities. Yet we all keep seeing that realm recede into the background.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
I point out that your claim that there is evidence that we will soon be able to "brew up life" is false because there is no evidence and we have no idea how life began.
Rather than admit your error, you accuse me of making an assumption that we cannot do something we have not yet done and that I somehow claim that this is "forever in the realm of deities". Of course, I never said any such thing.
But you did claim that there was evidence that we will soon "brew up life".
When you are just spouting nonsense and someone points out that you are spouting nonsense, rather than spout more nonsense, why not either admit you are spouting nonsense or at least stop spouting?
To restate, we do not know how life started and therefore have no expectation that we can duplicate that unknown process. To say otherwise is to be disingenuous.
Jan 30, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Exactly. As time passes the gaps we know of shrink, via the acquisition of knowledge, and intruiging new gaps are revealed. Well, as long as a few curious souls reject the temptation to say "magical sky man did it", that is!
Ahh yes, that's right, I had forgotten you... You're the one with all the answers, as revealed to you by "The Ancients", isn't that how it goes? -And you are simply awaiting the appropriate commercial circumstances to free we poor deluded ones of our ignorance?
Yeahhhh... Umm... Good luck with that, mate :)
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
I'd suggest you read their work before you state that we don't understand how life came to be. We're quite close to understanding many of the fundamental processes.
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
That is one avenue of research - abiogenisis. However we don't need to know how life started in order produce synthetic life, another words, to 'brew up life'.
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
The good one! Cheers
Jan 31, 2011
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Jan 31, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
@Soulman:Do you remember Andrew Crosse and how he inspired Mary Shelly to write the book Frankenstein.
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Ahh - 'bloodsucker'? Well argued, that man... Your rapier-like wit has pierced me, to the quick I say!
I shall watch your climb to riches and power with a certain degree of interest.. Umm - when did you say you would begin this giddy ascent?
Must be quite difficult, sitting on the answer to life, the universe, and everything, and needing to keep mum, the better - apparently - to maximise your profit. To think that it has been revealed only to you! How very... "Special" you must be.
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Nonsense? I referred to valid scientific work. Do you need links to research papers? I only didn't provide one because I assumed you wouldn't read it. Dude, I can get you a link.
I'm not being nonsensical. You're being ignorant of current scientific work.
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (4)
We're just building proteins right now. Who knows if we'll ever be able to create whole universes. It would be far in the future, at a point which -- I hope -- people will have gotten rid of the crutch that is religion. But whether or not religion will still be practiced at that time, it still won't be supported be evidence.
Good for those hypothetical doubters!
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 31, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Where did you say the universe came from? Again, you atheists seem to have all the answers, except for the answers.
Any money I make, it will be from hard work. Do you work for free?
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
Over-population is largely a myth because economic theory states that increased population leads to increased technology which allows resources to be used more efficiently, resulting in increased standard of living. I site all of human history to support this. (more pop = higher living standard).
The problem isn't the number of people but that the wrong ones are having children.
One of the greatest ironies here is that Christians, with no understanding of evolution, properly regulated sex/marriage to stop the least fit from out-breeding us while modern secularists basically pay the least fit to breed like bunnies (social welfare state), while at the same time decreasing the need for children amongst the elite (Social Security, Medicare).
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
I didn't. That would be a gap in human knowledge. I for one am comfortable with there being such gaps. Are you operating under the impression that 'we atheists' think that humanity has sufficient knowledge at its current disposal to answer every question about the universe? I've never heard anyone imply such a thing - and if I did, I'd think them a fool.
OK, so, you are saying that since there is something we have not (yet) the knowledge to explain, that _insert_god_name_here_ must have done it? So, now you are arguing *for* the god of the gaps? :)
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
So, you have at your disposal the 'secrets of existence' as revealed *only* to you, by 'The Ancients'... But can't figure out how to monetize it?? In repayment for the entertainment value that concept gives me, I'll give you some advice. Write a book. Go on the talkshow circuit. Grant exclusive interviews to the highest bidder.
Should be easy, given the extraordinary nature of the secret knowledge you have been granted, to pile up a few million just by doing those few things! Royalties will keep it rolling in for years. And that's just the tip of the iceberg! Prizes - the Nobel perhaps? Consultancy fees. Motivational speaking (quite an earner I hear). Directorships! Honorary chairs!
The world is your oyster, mate. What are you waiting for??
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 1.9 / 5 (9)
Christians built the universities that led to your god 'science' (which you now do sloppily but still call science because you guys all come together for your religious services where you agree that it's ok to murder your children in the womb but "DON'T HAVE DANGEROUS CHRISTIAN BELIEFS CAUSE US "SMART GUYS" WILL CALL YOU STUPID AND TELL YOU YOU DON'T KNOW ABOUT EVOLUTION EVEN IF WE HAVE NO IDEA WHAT WE'RE TALKING ABOUT".
The guy who coined the term "big bang theory" was a Catholic priest, the leading geneticist in the world is an Evangelical Christian. Galileo, Newton, Pascal, Davinci, Michaelangelo, all devout Christians (and that's just the list of names you smart guys will actually know).
All the other atheist scientists were reared in thoroughly Christian societies (whatever they say when they put on their dresses and curse Christians).
:)
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (9)
Well, I wouldn't normally bother responding to out and out nutjob rants - but hey, this guy looks like fun :)
The history of science is a long one, reaching far back into antiquity. The mesopotamians, for instance, may have pipped Pythagoras to the post by thousands of years. The babylonians were excellent astronomers. The ancient egyptians developed scientific empiricism - some 1500 years BC. Then there were the Greeks, of course. The prolific and brilliant Indian mathematicians.
And that's not even touching on the incredibly rich intellectual history of China, nor the significant and important role of the Muslim world - particularly though the European Dark Ages.
So claiming science, as a whole, as a 'Christian' invention? That's a bit rich, wouldn't you admit?
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (8)
And? I could enumerate the names of many great thinkers through the ages, each of which subscribed to a different belief system. The fact that Pythagoras may have believed that Zeus rules the universe says what, exactly?
What - all of them? Every single one in the history of science? To that I would respond - rubbish.
You spout nonsense. What's more, were every word verified as the truth, it would make exactly zero contribution to the conversation.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
We could have hung a big "MISSION ACCOMPLISHED" sign on that one about a thousand years ago.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Skeptic i agree this will be a couple hundred post article. This also seems to be bordering on the one article about how "intelligent people have behaviors that are a novel in evolution", anyone remember that?
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
I was thinking more of in the billions! God is good!
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
show, every one thinks that theirs is the "truth". Most people are religious because
they were brainwashed into believing it with their whole being as children.
Religion is trickery, superstition and shame. You can be a good person without it.
Teach ethics. There are websites that discuss how god is imaginary. Research it.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Economics (28 prize winners, 42% of world total, 55% of US total)
Literature (13 prize winners, 12% of world total, 27% of US total)
Peace (9 prize winners, 9% of world total, 10% of US total)4
Physics (47 prize winners, 25% of world total, 36% of US total)
Physiology or Medicine (53 prize winners, 27% of world total, 40% of US total)
Well, whaddya know?
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 1.9 / 5 (7)
If that's the case, I can understand the furiousness of your hatred. But if that's not the case, and you were to enter someone's home, would you ask them to remove a religious icon from the wall because it offends you? Or if a neighbor, distraught from some personal tragedy and was asking you for solace, and began praying, would you insist that they stop their babbling? There is an inherent respect one must show to the belief systems of others. Atheism is also a belief system.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
Why? Not that I go around insulting people's belief system. I see no reason why superstitious nonsense shouldn't be called out for what it is. Ignorance can be cured.
Not so. I don't believe there isn't a God. I am thoroughly convinced by a preponderance of evidence that a supernatural creator isn't necessary. I can be convinced otherwise if I were provided with evidence that one existed. Belief has nothing to do with it. Semantics, but an important distinction.
Faith is believing in something despite a lack of evidence for it. I don't suffer from it.
The root of my animosity towards western religions is their attitude towards people who don't share their delusions and their desire to force their beliefs on others or to exterminate them.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (6)
Of course not, it's not my home, it's theirs. Asking them to do so would be ridiculous, not to mention rude.
Again, that would be rude and insensitive, so no.
Bullshit. If it's crap it's crap. The only thing that's relevant is context, as in the above two cases. It makes moral sense to be sympathetic to others when the situation calls for it.
More bullshit.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
I understand your resentment of the imposition of Western religious values on others, but I think the real enemy is capitalism, that uses religion and militarism to reinforce its legitimacy. Just follow the money, and the people who are the most amused by the "believing" masses have Swiss bank accounts. However, that doesn't prove that those who "believe" are fools, they just don't necessarily worship gold.
In fact, many believers distrust the "churches" of their respective religions, and speak of the spirituality they seek. And I think that's a big part of the human experience, because life is not a set of variables that must fit formulaically.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (4)
Religion is submission. I'd do less of that in my life if I were you.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (5)
That would be preferable.
No, but they went around it the wrong way. The solution isn't to ban religion by decree, but to educate the masses in critical thinking and evidence based mechanisms. That, however, is a much, much harder task.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
empirical by nature, but still not emotionally free.
The end of religion will not end human suffering, violence or self-destructive behavior.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Don't you mean- "MAMMON is good"? last I heard, you had a camel's chance of passing through the eye of a needle of getting your final reward in the sweet by m by -possibly as a consequence of pursuing that reward in the here and now.
Feb 01, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
I just want them to stop posting religious explainations here. This is a SCIENCE website.
As for the Soviets, they sure pushed dogma pretty hard upon their citizens. It wasn't the glorification of a god, but rather of the Party. This sort of blind devotion has to go to eliminate suffering and violence. (provided it can be done) Religion isn't the only place it exists, but all will have to be completely abandoned in the process.
Feb 02, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Feb 02, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
By the way, what I would like the funds for the most is to purchase eavesdropping detection equipment that can cost upwards to $100,000.00 in total to find those nasty bugs that the perverts in the news media, government officials, the rich, famous and insiders have using to get the goods on me for when I make my big debut. The Internet will prove to be a wonderful invention for them. Oh yeah, even the Christians got involved years ago thinking they had the Antichrist by the tail. It should be a lot of fun. I cannot wait to finish something after all the losses and setups. And I just cannot wait to see what happens in 2060, or sooner, when all of this future technology stuff becomes possible. Funny what a person has to go through these days to become immortal here on earth. Actually, the agnostics and atheists have not been all that bad, only the very twisted ones! Now the U.S.A. is almost bankrupt. I wonder why?
Feb 02, 2011
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (3)
Feb 02, 2011
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (3)
Your 'works'. Your languages.
"for exact understanding exact language is necessary."
(Gurdjieff to Ouspensky)
Of course, that understanding and that language is not human. Hardly 'useful' at this moment.
The only assumption or conjecture, (or 'hope') is you will evolve. Ready or not.
Feb 03, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Feb 04, 2011
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (8)
Let's get our views straight here: Though there might be wars/disputes between religious factions, secular atheism is responsible for millions of murders every year. There are millions of abortions every year - and it's continuing. Atheists are killing millions a year. If you want to argue that "it's not a human" or "it's not alive", then one has to ask "Why do you have to kill it then"?
The word "fertile" is used in the wrong context here. Almost as silly as the use of "religiosity gene" which gets mysteriously suppressed when people leave their cultures. Please.
Feb 04, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (6)
From the "Center for BioEthical Reform":
Who's having abortions (religion)?
Women identifying themselves as Protestants obtain 37.4% of all abortions in the U.S.; Catholic women account for 31.3%, Jewish women account for 1.3%, and women with no religious affiliation obtain 23.7% of all abortions. 18% of all abortions are performed on women who identify themselves as "Born-again/Evangelical".
lol.
I'm not arguing pro or con, note. But, from these figures, doesn't quite look like this is anything strictly related to belief or not on the sky fairy, now, does it?
Feb 04, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Feb 04, 2011
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (3)
Feb 04, 2011
Rank: 4.8 / 5 (16)
What does your book say about conversing with the devil? I'll answer you, but it will be at your own peril.As I've explained before, it's you religionists who make abortion necessary.
You all propagate like the Amish above, with no regard for how you will be providing for these children, because your books all tell you that god will provide as long as you all remain faithful. This inevitably makes large regions of the world horrendously overcrowded and will result in miserable deprivation, famine, insurrection, war, ecological ruin, etc.
The world has had to do something that you selfish religionists cannot, and reduce overpop by enacting prenatal infanticide. This is YOUR fault. Stop overpropagating and abortion will end, along with war, famine, plague, pestilence, etc.
Feb 04, 2011
Rank: 4.9 / 5 (16)
http
://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion/index.html
You will also note that in those countries where religions still control culture, there is still widespread unrest, hunger, misery, and atrocity. We see it on tv every day. Why do you think this is Kevin? Are the people better off with or without religion? And before you answer let me ask you what makes you think your religion is any better than theirs? Yours requires the faithful to fill up the earth at the expense of theirs, and vice versa.
Religions perpetuate misery and pointless death. All must end.
Feb 04, 2011
Rank: 4.6 / 5 (16)
Feb 05, 2011
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Feb 05, 2011
Rank: not rated yet
Obviously we are all going to hell in a hand basket!
Feb 05, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (4)
Sorry to blow your bubble but yes, "homosexuality" IS a matter of choice. You have no idea the number of former husbands and wives whom I now count among my gay and lesbian friends.
Feb 05, 2011
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (5)
Actions (behaviors) are always choices.
Feb 05, 2011
Rank: 4.4 / 5 (5)
That just shows you how out of date the fundamentalist view is. It's still based off of the ancient notion that a man ejaculates an immature fully formed human being into the woman where her womb protects them until maturity. They also used to think that if the child was born female that the woman did something to it while it was in there. Rather hilarious actually.
Feb 06, 2011
Rank: 3 / 5 (1)
Feb 06, 2011
Rank: 2.2 / 5 (39)
Feb 06, 2011
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)