New microscope peers into secret lives of cells

November 21, 2007

Look inside a corn kernel and see the individual cells. Credit: University of Delaware

“See those white sparks?” asks Kirk Czymmek, as he points to the video on his computer screen of a highly magnified heart cell in action. Tiny fireworks flash across the screen with every pulsation of the cell.

“That's calcium,” Czymmek notes. “Scientists have discovered that there is a large release of calcium with every heartbeat. If we don't see those sparks,” he notes, “you have a major problem--perhaps even heart failure.”

Czymmek has a bird's-eye view into the fascinating and rarely seen world of the microscopic, as director of the University of Delaware's Bio-imaging Center.

The center, a component of UD's Delaware Biotechnology Institute, is equipped with the latest technology for microscopic explorations into a diversity of intriguing subjects under investigation by University researchers, from plants that can decontaminate soils of toxic metal pollutants, to carbon nano-bombs for destroying cancer cells.

Czymmek, who also is an associate professor of biological sciences at UD, recently showcased the latest addition to the University's suite of high-tech imaging tools--a state-of-the-art laser-scanning confocal microscope. UD is among a handful of universities that own one of the million-dollar instruments.

The device, known as the LSM 510 DUO, manufactured by Carl Zeiss MicroImaging Inc., typically uses a laser beam to observe a single focal point at a time on its subject--acquiring over a quarter-million picture elements, or pixels, in a single scan, which takes about one second. However, if the laser beam is shaped into a line and swept across the sample, it can scan an image over 100 times faster.

The microscope is particularly useful in examining thick samples such as muscle tissue at high resolution, Czymmek says, because a series of scans may be made at different depths within the sample and assembled automatically in minutes, yielding breathtakingly detailed, three-dimensional images, much like an MRI of the human body reveals.

“It has been my experience, that advances in analytical science often open the door to new scientific inventions and innovations,” said David Weir, director of the Delaware Biotechnology Institute. “The capability we now have with this new microscope, which allows us to observe natural processes as they occur and in great detail, will surely result in new, important discoveries.”

Currently, Czymmek and his staff--associate scientist Liz Adams and research associates Deborah Powell and Shannon Modla--are assisting UD researchers with a broad range of scientific projects on plants and fungi, vocal cords, bone health, biofilms, DNA repair, and gel-like synthetic polymers, among others.

An average of 175 users per year have been served at the center since it opened in 2001, according to Czymmek. UD faculty, staff and students, as well as research collaborators from industry and governmental agency partners, have all been trained in the safe and proper operation of the center's sophisticated “eyes.”

UD's Bio-Imaging Center also is an important resource for scientists beyond Delaware's borders, with colleagues from the National Institutes of Health, Johns Hopkins University, DuPont, Georgetown University, Merck, and Virginia Commonwealth University attending microscopy training workshops hosted by Czymmek and his staff.

Czymmek, who refers to himself as a “jack of all trades,” has been using confocal microscopes on almost a daily basis since 1990 when they helped illuminate his doctoral studies of plant diseases and fungi.

One of the things he most likes about his position at UD is its cross-disciplinary focus. He has assisted scientists in examining the hard exoskeleton of an insect, for example, to learn how to make new and improved materials.

“I like being able to help tie together the biology and engineering and help people figure out the best way to solve a problem,” he says.

With each new and improved tool for revealing hidden worlds, Czymmek and his staff gain a front-row seat into the formerly unknown and help put dozens of UD research studies literally into sharper focus.

“It's kind of like going out in space,” Czymmek says with a smile. “We get to see things that no one else has ever seen before.”

Source: University of Delaware