Cutting through the stigma

Lead researcher, Koen Van Rompay, and colleagues from Sahaya International, the University of California and READ (India) recognised that rural communities are often neglected when it comes to HIV awareness programs.

Such programs tend to focus on high-risk groups in urban parts of India – despite much evidence that HIV has spread to the general population. What’s more, education programs aimed at rural populations face particular challenges. Basic health-care infrastructure tends to be minimal, and there is often low awareness and high stigma regarding HIV (and sexual issues in general), fuelled by low literacy, seasonal migration, gender inequality, spatial dispersion and cultural taboos.

In a year-long pilot project, sponsored by the Elton John AIDS Foundation, six non-governmental organisations (NGO) collaborated to build and test an HIV peer education model for communities in the rural district of Perambalur in Southern India. As part of the program, 20 NGO outreach workers, 52 barbers and 102 women’s self-help group leaders were trained to be peer educators. Cartoon-based materials including flipcharts, booklets and stickers were developed to teach people about their susceptibility to HIV/AIDS and to suggest practical ways to reduce the risk of infection. Street theatre was used to highlight issues related to HIV and stigma in the community.

Over 30,000 villagers have been reached by the program, which comprised over 2000 activities. The outreach workers and peer educators distributed over 60,000 educational materials and nearly 70,000 condoms. At least 118 people were newly diagnosed as living with HIV and 129 people with HIV were referred to hospitals for extra medical support.

Van Rompay concludes: “In many remote rural communities, there are ordinary people with little or no academic credentials, but who with proper training and equipped with appropriate materials can be empowered to cross their personal boundaries and become extraordinary peer educators and voices for change in their own communities. The current project indicates that more effort is warranted to tap into this large unrecognized force.”

Other positive effects of the program were noted. Women trained as peer educators enjoyed a sense of pride and increased social recognition, which the researchers hope could help sustain the peer dialogue on HIV/AIDS. After training on the blood-borne transmission of HIV, the barbers involved began to use disposable razor blades, which led to an increase in customers.

Source: BioMed Central