Ancient Galactic Magnetic Fields Stronger than Expected
July 23, 2008(PhysOrg.com) -- Mining the far reaches of the universe for clues about its past, a team of scientists including Philipp Kronberg of Los Alamos National Laboratory has proposed that magnetic fields of ancient galaxies like ours were just as strong as those existing today, prompting a rethinking of how our galaxy and others may have formed.
With powerful telescopes and sophisticated measurements, the team probed back in time to see the ancient universe as it existed some 8 to 9 billion years ago. Their research was published in the July 17 edition of Nature.
Until now, a prevailing view in the astrophysical community has been that galactic magnetic fields gradually increased over cosmic time up to their present strengths and that in the nascent universe, magnetic fields were initially very weak. Astrophysicists explain this gradual growth of magnetism over time with the large-scale "galactic dynamo" model.
The letter in the current issue of Nature extends a parallel, larger study by Kronberg et al. of early magnetic fields from the March 2008 edition of The Astrophysical Journal. That study, whose contributors also included LANL colleagues David Higdon and Margaret Short, relied mostly on Faraday rotation measures (RM) taken at radio wavelengths, beyond what is visible to the human eye.
By measuring how far the radio waves were pulled toward the red end of the spectrum-known as "redshift"-Kronberg and his colleagues homed in on the location of magnetic fields in the distant universe.
What allowed the team to take a more detailed look at the ancient universe in this Nature letter was the addition of high-resolution optical spectra by Martin Bernet, Francesco Miniati, and Simon Lilly at the ETH Zürich (the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) from the European Southern Observatory's 8-meter telescope, located in Chile's Atacama Desert.
Their measurements at optical wavelengths of more than 70 quasars were combined with the RM data Kronberg has been collecting for more than 25 years - data based on accurate radio RM measurements from several of the world's most powerful radio telescopes, including the Very Large Array near Soccoro, New Mexico, and the 100-meter dish in Effelsberg, Germany.
"It was thought that, looking back in the past, earlier galaxies would not have generated much magnetic field," Kronberg said. "The results of this study show that the magnetic fields within Milky Way-like galaxies have been every bit as strong over the last two-thirds of the Universe's age as they are now-and possibly even stronger then."
Serving as a looking glass into the past, the powerful telescope at the European Southern Observatory, adding to the radio RM data, allowed the scientists to make observations of high magnetic fields between 8 billion and 9 billion years ago for 70 intervening galaxies whose faint optical absorption spectra revealed them as "normal" galaxies. That means that several billion years before the existence of our own sun, and within only a few billion years of the Big Bang, ancient galaxies were exerting the tug of these strong magnetic fields.
This research suggests that the magnetic fields in galaxies did not arise due to a slow, large-scale dynamo effect, which would have taken 5 billion to 10 billion years to reach their current measured levels. "There must be some other explanation for a much quicker and earlier amplification of galactic magnetic fields," Kronberg said. "From the time when the first stars and galaxies formed, their magnetic fields have probably have been amplified by very fast dynamos. One good possibility is that it happened in the explosive outflows that were driven by supernovae, and possibly even black holes in the very earliest generations of galaxies."
This realization brings a new focus on the broader question of how galaxies form. Instead of the commonly held view that magnetic fields have little relevance to the genesis of new galaxies, it now appears that they are indeed important players. If so, strong magnetic fields a long time ago are one of the essential ingredients that explain the very existence of our galaxy and others like it.
Provided by Los Alamos National Laboratory
Nov 02, 2009 |
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Gravity appears to simply be the "icing on the cake." A remainder. An effect of a cause instead of the cause of effects.
The Electric Universe theory is in general compliance with Quantum Mechanics - it potentially serves as the basis - electromagnetism. Many suggest QM is bizarre, backwards, "spooky"... Oddly enough it seems to me that physics become increasingly convoluted the farther we get from Earth.
Good to see basic scientific research though.
Have we rechecked to make sure water really does flow downhill lately?
Perhaps the measurements of how fast Galaxies are rotating are incorrect.
Of course, galaxies aren't mere weather phenomenon, but the idea of a cyclone or other vortex is still quite tempting. Generally speaking, the rate of rotation of a vortex is greater than the rate of its linear movement through the background media. While a gravitational vortex of a SMB may not obey exactly the same laws as a weather phenomenon or a whirlpool in a body of water, the basic concept should still be the same. The Galaxies mass and energies should be more important than the background media.
But in cosmology, we do not observe this, at least according to official measurements. In cosmology, we are expected to believe that Galaxies are moving at significant portion of the speed of light relative to one another, but that they rotate relatively slowly. This does not seem to make sense compared to other similar phenomenon.
If the rate of galactic rotation were severerely underestimated, then there could be room for a "dynamo effect" to be explained by this discreency.
Of course this is purely conjecture, but then again, so is so much of theoretical physics.
That statement about the ammonia crystal grown into our core to draw the aether to it at its lower tone and explanation of gravity was just too simple for you boys to exist in the same room with,no different than the statements I make about your idiotic photosynthesis model because grid science has been with held from you .
Your whole body works on tones and your whole basic processes and intellect and incarnational programming exists in something called youre "Dot" and it IS the size of a grain of sand,and IS a salt also,and having crystalline structure,that IS grown,just like this earth,ON PURPOSE,I find commentary of the "Berg folks to not be as stimulating for my processes.
Boys,Boys ,Boys
child, child, child
I count 8 uses of "boys". I'm just sayin'...
This old man sees you boys as boys,stunted for life,so I will continue to make you and your ordering masters squirm,as I see.
Why were you boys sent to troll at a science site? Betcha havve a hard time answering that ,but your protocoler doesnt ,now does he??
btw thales lol AWT
We do believe in Joviality also,but reality is still where I place my pen,why dont you just check Big Ben, you will find the Naval Observatory adjusting the time,as I do really know how to rhyme,and when the motor of the planet is cut out,this planet will drop dead and only some of us will shout. Now heres a factoid from a guy with a clearence.The earth will be the 18 th. planet to have its motor cut out ,it will be a bit of time though,but dont count on too many grandchildren here. When the moon phases were off a bit ago,and the Chandler wobble was erratic,they had to replace a key motor adjustment component they cut out to fix the detectable anomaly they created.
Get ready for one h--- of alot more trouble from this bunch before the planet is ihhabitable,but I expect not many of you have any ability beyond your dart game and your blackberry. Prove me wrong,but I shall not hold my breath.
My money's on Hollow.
I give out no improper information and thats the funny thing dealing with intellect depleted boys.
What....No actual smart boys here,just drones plying out the accepted garbage??
You boys should just stick to golf.
Out in 36, In in 35.
Now theres a riddle to make you have less piddle.
I would encourage you to write your understandings using commonly accepted grammar and punctuation, and words I can look up in the dictionary or google if I don't understand.
I tried to google "entity depletion" and don't know what a protocooler is, and can't make much of your "riddle." So rather than being cunning, and "more knowing than thou" please dumb your posts down so we can understand. Maybe your understanding of the universe is more accurate than mine, but I can't really tell since I don't understand a word you say.
Thanks.
My books on PLASMA VISION OF THE UNIVERSE [1993]
and PLASMA REGULATED ELECTRO_MAGNETIC UNIVERSE [1996] Provides more Figures,Inputs and feasible models based from COSMOLOGY VEDAS as Interlinks.These will definitely help Science to advance. This is the I proposed EAST WEST INTERACTION- Books Copy rights are taken in USA so that Scientists can freely Interact.
Additionally, I presented the concepts in Cosmology Review [dot] Com in 2000 and presented papers at Carnegie Centennial Symposium-2, Jan 2003 and Universe-Cosmic Pot Energy - in STSCi Symposium ,May 2003.
Further inputs -See Cosmos Yoga Vision series I-IV and V-VI now getting ready. Lots of Space data fits-in.
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Vidyardhi Nanduri