Scientists discover possible mechanism for creating 'handedness' in biological molecules

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1s XPS spectrum of (R)-2-butanol adsorbed on permalloy at 90 K obtained at the start of a photolysis series. The points are the raw data; the dashed lines are the individual fitted components, and the solid line is the synthesized curve. The filled in region represents the C-O peak, which directly probes the chiral carbon. Also shown are models of (S)- and (R)-2-butanol. Image: ANL

(PhysOrg.com) --The basic molecules that make up all living things have a predetermined chirality or "handedness,” similar to the way people are right- or left-handed. This chirality has a profound influence on the chemistry and molecular interactions of living organisms. The creation of chirality from the elementary building blocks of matter is one of the great mysteries of the origin of life. Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory have discovered a way to induce this handedness in pre-biological molecules.

"Understanding how the molecules necessary for life originated is one of the most basic scientific questions in biochemistry," said Argonne chemist Richard Rosenberg. "Chirality plays a fundamental role in biological processes, and researchers have been trying for years to discover the mechanisms that led to this property."

Rosenberg used X-rays from the Advanced Photon Source to bombard chiral molecules adsorbed on a magnetic substrate and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to track changes in their molecular bonds.

He found that changing the magnetization direction in relation to the high-intensity X-ray beam created an excess of one chirality over another. Changing the magnetization direction reverses the spin polarization of the secondary, or low-energy, electrons emitted from the substance.

Iron is a common element and is magnetic in many forms, and ionizing radiation and magnetic fields are prevalent throughout the universe.

Based on the Argonne results, it is conceivable that chirality could have been introduced by irradiation of molecules as they traveled through the universe while adsorbed on a magnetized substrate in a dust cloud, meteor, comet or on a primitive planet.

"Our study shows that spin-polarized secondary electrons interacting with chiral molecules could produce a significant excess of a given chirality in pre-biological molecules," Rosenberg said.

Argonne funded this research, which made use of a beamline at the Advanced Photon Source, an advanced X-ray light source built and funded by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science and used for advanced energy and materials science research.

A paper on Rosenberg's work appeared in a recent issue of Physical Review Letters.

Provided by Argonne National Laboratory

   

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4.5/5 after 20 votes

• Alizee - Dec 01, 2008
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  By AWT life has evolved in liposomes, formed from reverse micelles or coacervates in the foam of surface oceans, shaken by its waves. A "superhydrophobic phenomena" can take place here due high curvature of these droplets. The walls of liposome are curved, so that their inner surface would attract the hydrophilic compounds (those with carbohydrate groups) more preferably, then lipophillic ones. And the outer surface would behave by the opposite way. This mechanism doesn't rely upon extratrresterial sources and it can be tested easily by distribution of chiral mixtures of carbohydrates and amino-acids inside and outside of tiny reversal micelles.
  
  For other connections of chirality to observable reality please see:
  http://aetherwave...ity.html
  http://aetherwave...rld.html
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