DNA molecules can detect pathogens, deliver drugs

Cornell researcher Dan Luo and colleagues describe in the May 4 online Nature Nanotechnology that their simple DNA molecules, or monomers, link into polymers under ultraviolet light and in the presence of such pathogens as SARS and HIV.

The research team, which included first author and postdoctoral associate Jong B. Lee and David Muller, associate professor of applied and engineering physics, report that the polymers, made up of thousands of monomers, allow for the fast detection of pathogens. The researchers used asymmetric strands of DNA, characterized by unique sequences at the ends of each branch, which they call zip codes. Each zip code can link to a corresponding sequence, including the DNA of such pathogens as HIV. When the zip codes and pathogens find each other, they form chains that curl up into spheres and are visible under a microscope.

Using the same principle, the researchers also demonstrated attaching multiple nucleic acid-based drugs, along with tracers, to the DNA strands, which were then absorbed by cells.

Luo, associate professor of biological and environmental engineering, explained that such work illustrates how DNA is not only a genetic material, but can be a useful structure to carry drugs or other substances.

"The genetic part is the recognition of the pathogen," he said. "The generic part is making the nanostructure."

Provided by Cornell University (news : web)