Stellar Explosion Displays Massive Carbon Footprint

(PhysOrg.com) -- While humans are still struggling to get rid of unwanted carbon it appears that the heavens are really rather good at it. New research by astrophysicists at the University of Warwick has discovered that a mystery stellar explosion recorded in 2006 may have marked the unusual death of an equally unusually carbon-rich star.

The strange object known as SCP 06F6 was first noted in 2006 by supernovae researchers in the US taking images with the Hubble Space Telescope, seeing it appearing out of nowhere, and fading again into oblivion, over the course of 120 days. The US team published their observations in September 2008, drawing a blank on the nature of SCP 06F6, in particular it was unclear if this event happened in our cosmic backyard, or at the other end of the universe.

Now a team of astrophysicists and astronomers at the University of Warwick in the UK believe they have come up with an answer. According to their research, the observations of SCP 06F6 bear remarkable resemblance to a group of stars containing extremely large proportions of carbon, hence dubbed carbon stars. However, to achieve the close match, SCP 06F6 must be at a distance of around 2 billion light years, causing a considerable redshift in its appearance. Given the large distance, the sudden appearance of SCP 06F6 is most likely related to the sudden death of a carbon-rich star, and the Warwick team believes that this object may be a new type of a totally new class of supernova.

It would be an unusual type of supernovae in several aspects: SCP 06F6 is located in a blank part of the sky, with no known visible host galaxy. If the star did explode as a normal type II supernova why then did it take up to four times as long to brighten and diminish as other such supernova and why did emit up to 100 times more X-rays energy than expected? The X-ray energy might lead one to speculate that the star was ripped apart by a black hole rather than exploding on its own, but the lead researcher of University of Warwick team Boris Gänsicke says that idea is not without its problems as:

"The lack of any obvious host galaxy for SCP 06F6 would imply either a very low black hole mass (if black holes do exist at the centres of dwarf irregular galaxies) or that the black hole has somehow been ejected from its host galaxy. While neither is impossible this does make the case for disruption by a black hole somewhat contrived"

"Several new telescopes are now being designed and built that will continuously monitor the entire sky for short guest appearances of new stars, and there is no doubt that SCP 06F6 will not remain alone in puzzling astronomers over the coming years. "

More information: The research is published in the June 1 issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters as "SCP06F6: A carbon-rich extragalactic transient at redshift z~0.14?" by Dr Boris Gaensicke, Dr Andrew Levan, Professor Thomas Marsh, and Dr Peter Wheatley all from the Department of Physics at the University of Warwick.

Source: University of Warwick (news : web)

   

• yyz - Jun 01, 2009
  • Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
  A most peculiar beast. The light curve is somewhat similar to 2 previous 'slow rise' type supernovae, but the carbon content is whack. A preprint of the paper can be found here: http://arxiv.org/...62v1.pdf .
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• omatumr - Jun 01, 2009
  • Rank: 3 / 5 (4)
  DOES THE SUN EXPLAIN DISTANT COSMIC MYSTERIES?
  
  " . . . observations of SCP 06F6 bear remarkable resemblance to . . . carbon stars. . . . SCP 06F6 must be at a distance of around 2 billion light years, causing a considerable redshift . . . the sudden appearance of SCP 06F6 is most likely related to the sudden death of a carbon-rich star . . . a totally new class of supernova. . . . unusual . . . with no known visible host galaxy. . . why then did it take up to four times as long to brighten and diminish as other such supernova and why did [it] emit up to 100 times more X-rays energy than expected? . . . might lead one to speculate that the star was ripped apart by a black hole . . . this does make the case for disruption by a black hole somewhat contrived"
  
  Precise, space-age measurements on abundances and rest masses of atoms in the Sun and in the material orbiting it revealed information that is relevant:
  
  1. Carbon-rich stars are an illusion: The Sun and other stars sort atoms by mass and selectively move lightweight ones to the surface. The degree of mass separation varies, perhaps with cycles of sunspots and surface magnetic activity. The surface composition of any star may become carbon-rich or even iron-rich, as researchers at UC-Berkeley discovered in a survey of Maunder minimum stars: http://tinyurl.com/nkpylz
  
  2. There are no black holes: The Sun and the cosmos are powered by repulsive interactions between neutrons in compact, energetic cores of nuclear density. These same repulsive forces between neutrons prevent the collapse of neutron stars into black holes.
  
  See: "The Sun is a plasma diffuser that sorts atoms by mass," Physics of Atomic Nuclei 69, number 11, pp. 1847-1856 (Nov 2006); Yadernaya Fizika 69, number 11, (Nov 2006); PAC: 96.20.Dt DOI: 10.1134/S106377880611007X
  http://arxiv.org/.../0609509
  
  With kind regards,
  Oliver K. Manuel
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