Is the sky the limit for wind power?
June 15, 2009In the future, will wind power tapped by high-flying kites light up New York? A new study by scientists at the Carnegie Institution and California State University identifies New York as a prime location for exploiting high-altitude winds, which globally contain enough energy to meet world demand 100 times over. The researchers found that the regions best suited for harvesting this energy match with population centers in the eastern U.S. and East Asia, but fluctuating wind strength still presents a challenge for exploiting this energy source on a large scale.
Using 28 years of data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and the Department of Energy, Ken Caldeira of the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology and Cristina Archer of California State University, Chico, compiled the first-ever global survey of wind energy available at high altitudes in the atmosphere. The researchers assessed potential for wind power in terms of "wind power density," which takes into account both wind speed and air density at different altitudes.
"There is a huge amount of energy available in high altitude winds," said coauthor Ken Caldeira. "These winds blow much more strongly and steadily than near-surface winds, but you need to go get up miles to get a big advantage. Ideally, you would like to be up near the jet streams, around 30,000 feet."
Jet streams are meandering belts of fast winds at altitudes between 20 and 50,000 feet that shift seasonally, but otherwise are persistent features in the atmosphere. Jet stream winds are generally steadier and 10 times faster than winds near the ground, making them a potentially vast and dependable source of energy. Several technological schemes have been proposed to harvest this energy, including tethered, kite-like wind turbines that would be lofted to the altitude of the jet streams. Up to 40 megawatts of electricity could be generated by current designs and transmitted to the ground via the tether.
"We found the highest wind power densities over Japan and eastern China, the eastern coast of the United States, southern Australia, and north-eastern Africa," said lead author Archer. "The median values in these areas are greater than 10 kilowatts per square meter. This is unthinkable near the ground, where even the best locations have usually less than one kilowatt per square meter."
Included in the analysis were assessments of high altitude wind energy for the world's five largest cities: Tokyo, New York, Sao Paulo, Seoul, and Mexico City. "For cities that are affected by polar jet streams such as Tokyo, Seoul, and New York, the high-altitude resource is phenomenal," said Archer. "New York, which has the highest average high-altitude wind power density of any U.S. city, has an average wind power density of up to 16 kilowatts per square meter."
Tokyo and Seoul also have high wind power density because they are both affected by the East Asian jet stream. Mexico City and Sao Paulo are located at tropical latitudes, so they are rarely affected by the polar jet streams and just occasionally by the weaker sub-tropical jets. As a result they have lower wind power densities than the other three cities.
"While there is enough power in these high altitude winds to power all of modern civilization, at any specific location there are still times when the winds do not blow," said Caldeira. Even over the best areas, the wind can be expected to fail about five percent of the time. "This means that you either need back-up power, massive amounts of energy storage, or a continental or even global scale electricity grid to assure power availability. So, while high-altitude wind may ultimately prove to be a major energy source, it requires substantial infrastructure."
Source: Carnegie Institution
-
Ocean Wind Power Maps Reveal Possible Wind Energy Sources
Jul 09, 2008 |
not rated yet |
0
-
Kites could provide electricity for 100,000 homes
Aug 08, 2008 |
not rated yet |
0
-
Global wind map identifies wind power potential
May 16, 2005 |
not rated yet |
0
-
Changing jet streams may alter paths of storms and hurricanes
Apr 16, 2008 |
not rated yet |
0
-
UK wind research blows away myths
Nov 14, 2005 |
not rated yet |
0
-
Engineers build first sub-10-nm carbon nanotube transistor
Feb 01, 2012 |
4.9 / 5 (30) |
30
-
Something old, something new: Evolution and the structural divergence of duplicate genes
Jan 31, 2012 |
4.6 / 5 (7) |
1
-
The hidden nanoworld of ice crystals: Revealing the dynamic behavior of quasi-liquid layers
Jan 30, 2012 |
5 / 5 (3) |
1
-
Stock market network reveals investor clustering
Jan 27, 2012 |
3.9 / 5 (23) |
8
-
Of microchemistry and molecules: Electronic microfluidic device synthesizes biocompatible probes
Jan 26, 2012 |
5 / 5 (1) |
0
-
Force free body diagram problem on gym equipment
1 hour ago
-
Empirical data regarding shower heads and water
9 hours ago
-
feed hold button on CNC lathe
Feb 09, 2012
-
RFAC in Fortran
Feb 09, 2012
-
dynamics 2/32
Feb 08, 2012
-
dynamics
Feb 08, 2012
- More from Physics Forums - General Engineering
More news stories
Netflix light on flicks as viewers soak up TV shows
Like most fresh faces that arrive in Hollywood, Netflix wanted to be a movie star. But now it's learning what many in Tinseltown have known for decades: Movies are sexy, but the real money is in television.
6 minutes ago |
not rated yet |
0
Sony's Hirai refuses to abandon dire TV business
Struggling Japanese entertainment giant Sony will not abandon its cash-bleeding television business, its incoming CEO says, but he acknowledges tough decisions lie ahead including over redundancies.
36 minutes ago |
not rated yet |
0
New error-correcting codes guarantee the fastest possible rate of data transmission
Error-correcting codes are one of the triumphs of the digital age. Theyre a way of encoding information so that it can be transmitted across a communication channel such as an optical fiber o ...
Technology / Computer Sciences
3 hours ago |
5 / 5 (3) |
2
|
Small modular reactor design could be a 'SUPERSTAR'
(PhysOrg.com) -- Though most of today's nuclear reactors are cooled by water, we've long known that there are alternatives; in fact, the world's first nuclear-powered electricity in 1951 came from a reactor ...
Technology / Energy & Green Tech
2 hours ago |
5 / 5 (4) |
9
|
Advanced power-grid model finds low-cost, low-carbon future in West
(PhysOrg.com) -- The least expensive way for the Western U.S. to reduce greenhouse gas emissions enough to help prevent the worst consequences of global warming is to replace coal with renewable and other ...
Technology / Energy & Green Tech
2 hours ago |
5 / 5 (1) |
3
|
Experts reveal how plants don't get sunburn
(PhysOrg.com) -- Experts at the University of Glasgow have discovered how plants survive the harmful rays of the sun.
Fool's gold may prove an unlikely alternative to overexploited catalytic materials
Catalytic materials, which lower the energy barriers for chemical reactions, are used in everything from the commercial production of chemicals to catalytic converters in car engines. However, with current catalytic materials ...
Curry spice component may help slow prostate tumor growth
Curcumin, an active component of the Indian curry spice turmeric, may help slow down tumor growth in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a study from researchers ...
Unpicking HIV’s invisibility cloak
Drug researchers hunting for alternative ways to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections may soon have a novel targetits camouflage coat. HIV hides inside a cloak unusually rich in a sugar ...
What lies beneath: Mapping hidden nanostructures
The ability to diagnose and predict the properties of materials is vital, particularly in the expanding field of nanotechnology. Electron and atom-probe microscopy can categorize atoms in thin sheets of material, ...
To avoid early labor and delivery, weight and diet changes not the answer
One of the strongest known risk factors for spontaneous or unexpected preterm birth any birth that occurs before the 37th week of pregnancy, most often without a known cause is already having had one. For women ...
Jun 15, 2009
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
Jun 15, 2009
Rank: 2.5 / 5 (4)
Space based solar power from LEO now being looked
at by DARPA, Boeing, Northrop-Grumman,
and others which has 24 x 7 power.
Jun 15, 2009
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (3)
Jun 16, 2009
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
High altitude wind is quite reliable. Up at the jet streams it's near 70% capacity factor. If the week to week and seasonal variation isn't too bad it might be remotely viable, unlike conventional wind power.
That's not great because that 30% down-time is unscheduled downtime, unlike any other existing power source on the grid.
I haven't seen any scheme for geostationary solar power which makes the remotest bit of financial sense even if the launch cost to GEO was free(instead of the current cost of ~$11 million per tonne) and even if you assume the solar panels were free.
Jun 16, 2009
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
I'm sorry to say, but in the real world success hinges as much if not more on if you can figure your way through the byzantine maze of regulation and scratch the backs of enough politicians to recieve pork and/or artifically stiffle your competitors than it does whether your plan is sound or not.
Jun 16, 2009
Rank: 4.5 / 5 (2)
New Scientist also presents a different wind power idea in "High flyers", 17 May 2008.
Jun 16, 2009
Rank: 2.5 / 5 (2)
The problems of smoothing intermittency would be far less than for solar.
The issue with solar is that although it is predictable, even at the latitude of the Mohave desert incidence is much, much less in winter than in summer, and so proposals for it's use for year round base load would involve simply massive storage requirements for months not hours, or a fantastic level of overbuild.
Although I checked the original papers I did not see any info on the average duration of low power events - several hour long intermittencies are a lot easier to deal with than one multi-day event, and would in fact need fairly trivial amounts of back-up.
Those concerned about climatic effects should check the paper - effects seem likely to be relatively trivial at any projected level of output from this source.
Google is investigating high altitude wind through Makani Power.
Jun 19, 2009
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
It's not a complete solution, but it's a good place to start.
If wind stations can supply cheap energy at certain times, people will be more than ready to use more energy. We're good at it. I already have a smart meter on my home that changes prices throughout the day. With a little work I could make power outlets that come on when the power drops to cheap prices...
Like say... an airconditioner that drops the temp to 60 degrees when theres abundant cheap electricity, but allows it to creep to 85 when it's expensive. I would liek to think that on a well insulated house that would take most of the day.
Jun 20, 2009
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (2)
We will also reduce pollution. Worldwide we dump so many tons of pollution into the atmosphere and oceans it's mind-numbing. If you don't care about CO2 please consider reading about how much we're polluting, then think about wind, solar and geothermal, and see if you don't agree they make sense and are a very smart alternative to the disgustingly dirty and primitive way we're living now. Right now we're polluting ourselves in every way imaginable, this is certainly not any way to run a beautiful garden planet!
Jun 23, 2009
Rank: not rated yet
No. It will increase pollution.
You will have the pollution from solar panels(most processes are rather filthy and some panels contain arsenic or cadmium). You will have the pollution from trying to recycle the damned things when they become useless in 20-30 years, if anyone even bothers. You will have the pollution from the craptacular amounts of natural gas and coal you will burn to integrate piddling amounts of solar and wind energy into the grid. You will have the environmenal destruction from chopping down massive swaths of lands to criss-cross the nation with a massive array of transmission lines(typically large quantities of herbicides and men with chain saws are used to keep trees away from the power-lines). You will destroy sensitive desert areas with gargantuan solar farms, producing trivial amounts of energy. You will drench tremendous amounts of land with water in an attempt to create enough pumped hydro storage, but it will never be remotely enough.
In the end you will fail and we will go on to the biggest coal binge mankind has ever known.
The opposition to nuclear is not because it is expensive and dangerous; it is because it's cheap, reliable and safe.
Amory Lovins expressed this point of view best: "Complex technology of any sort is an assault on human dignity. It would be little short of disastrous for us to discover a source of clean, cheap, abundant energy, because of what we might do with it."
And yet I get subjected to far less environmental pollutants than if I had lived at any other time in human history. It's imediately apparent when you look at the third world, where smoke inhalation from cooking fires is a major cause of death and where clean water is largely unavailable, where natural arsenic and other pollutants in the water supply often go undetected and do not get removed. Exposure to mold(several produce carcinogens) and all sorts of microbial pathogens has similarly been reduced.
I have.
I don't. I came to the conclusion that the people who support "green energy" fall into four categories. People who don't know better, people who have come to the conclusion that it is worthless and therefor an energy source they want to support(Green peace, Earth first, Club of Rome and other "proactive malthusians"). And with the most political clout, parties with economic interests ranging from oil companies that wish to sell natural gas(the gas company Enron was one of the worlds leaders in wind energy; Shell is also a major supporter of wind energy) and government regulated monopolies that hope to soak the rate payer(building long power lines to a useless little solar station in the middle of nowhere can be enormously profitable even if not a single kWh ever flows through it) to people who make wind turbines and solar panels and wish their inclusion into the grid to be mandated.
Just like its medicinal counterpart it is known as alternative energy because it either hasn't been shown to work properly or it has shown to not work properly. Wind and solar are the oldest, most primitive forms of energy we have. The dirtiest, most inefficient coal-fired steam ship kicked the snot out of the most advanced sailing vessels.
You seem to yearn for man "before the fall", when man "lived in harmony with nature". After taking a short look at a contemporary hunter-gatherer socities; life was nasty, brutish and short, man lived not in harmony with nature but in constant opposition to it, tribal war was one of the leading causes of death. It seems more like a dystopia.