Would Pain-Free Animals Make a More Humane Hamburger?
September 3, 2009 by Lisa Zyga
Researchers say that breeding pain-free farm animals is less of a technological issue and more of an ethical issue. Image credit: Guido Gerding.
(PhysOrg.com) -- With advancements in genetic engineering, researchers say that it may soon be possible to breed farm animals that don't feel pain. The suggestion has sparked controversy on whether denying animals the ability to feel pain is inhumane itself, even if it does limit the amount of suffering the animals endure when raised at factory farms.
In recent decades, humans have been consuming more and more meat. Since the 1960s, human consumption of meat has increased by 50 percent, most of it coming from factory farms. Despite demands by animal rights groups for better treatment of farm animals, eliminating animal suffering seems to be an unrealistic goal. For example, chickens often have part of their beaks removed without anesthesia to prevent them from pecking each other. If factory farms can't be persuaded to raise animals in humane environments, then maybe it's time to provide the animals with an inborn defensive mechanism of their own.
The solution may not be ideal, but, as Adam Shriver, a philosopher at Washington University in St. Louis says, "If we can't do away with factory farming, we should at least take steps to minimize the amount of suffering that is caused."
In recent years, scientists have made progress in manipulating the molecular and genetic bases for pain. A recent study found that mice that lack the Nav1.7 gene are less sensitive than normal mice to heat and pressure. Possibly, farm animals that lack such a gene would also suffer less under factory farm conditions.
In another study, scientists have engineered mice that lack specific enzymes and genes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This alteration enabled the animals to still sense pain, but not feel it as an unpleasant sensation. By still feeling physical sensation, the animals could avoid unintentionally injuring themselves, which often happens in individuals who are born without the ability to feel pain at all.
But there are other alternatives to pain-free animals, one of which is producing meat in vitro. Although not fully developed yet, the procedure involves growing animal muscle cells that could be used in processed meats such as chicken nuggets and fish sticks. However, lab-grown animal cells are currently costly, since they require expensive nutrients, and the technology would need to be scaled up in order to be profitable. Besides eliminating animal suffering, this option could also eliminate the other negative side effects of factory farms, including the large amounts of waste and greenhouse gases that are generated.
via: New Scientist
© 2009 PhysOrg.com
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Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (4)
Hopefully what they're really working on is growing hearts and kidneys and the like for transplant needs, and generic "meat" just comes as a first step...
Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 3.2 / 5 (9)
And that's why I don't like modern philosophers...This is the single sickest idea I've ever heard. Just plain sick and retarded. Quintessentially human.
Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 3 / 5 (3)
It's worse than what we have?
Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 2.4 / 5 (11)
Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 5 / 5 (4)
Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 4.4 / 5 (7)
-Instead of pain-free why not seek to make them brain-free? Semi-animistic slabs of food with organs on very slow conveyor belts? Unplug, process, wrap and ship to market. Yum. Dont even need heads, nothing edible there, only good for prions.
Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Sep 03, 2009
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Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (6)
Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
Sep 03, 2009
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 4 / 5 (7)
I agree eating meat is barbaric, primitive, and perhaps cruel. However, I am also aware that meat is fantastic food and is delicious as it is nutritious. We really do need to progress genetics and biotechnology so meats can be grown rather than slaughtered from intelligent creatures.
You come down unnecessarily hard on the scientist who wants to make pain free animals. Such a development would be right-headed, if only a cursory step in becoming independent of devouring other intelligent life forms to feed ourselves.
Coincidentally, I was thinking deep about this yesterday. I considered for the first time in my life becoming vegetarian for the very same reasons you state. It's a blasted troglodyte habit to eat the flesh of other life forms, and I really think it's inevitable we will progress beyond it. But we aren't yet fully "weaned" (we is baby species!) We need a little more time to grow, and the fact is we all love animals and if we had a better means of getting the foods our bodies crave we would not eat them at all.
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
U don't want to live forever? How about having the option to live as long as you want*?
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (7)
Both, actually. However, at the very least, the people in the meat industry don't claim to be intellectuals or anything, they're just after profits. A philosopher should be the last person to suggest we can objectively understand what a sentient creature experiences.
Just an opinion, but I think there shouldn't be such things as 'philosophers', it should be auxiliary to a different occupation. Philosophy in itself has no tangible goals and cannot provide certainty, it's just good mental exercise.
If they'd do it for research purposes only, then I'd be okay with it. And I'm sure that's why they're personally doing it for, heck, they could very well be vegetarians themselves. As scientists, however, they should be well aware of the implications of their work and be responsible.
It shouldn't be hard for a person who knows basic thermodynamics to realise that meat has a lower energetic output than input, no matter how you put it. That's at the most basic level, cows eating more calories than their meat contains, without including stuff like transportation, refrigeration or waste disposal.
Furthermore, as far as nutrients are concerned, the only advantage that meat has is that it contains all essential amino acids. A sufficiently varied vegetarian diet does too, however, and there are far more health benefits with it than with meat.
Instead of doing complicated genetic engineering to alleviate a very subjective feeling of guilt, why not do a bit of biochemistry to improve the taste of meat alternatives? I'm pretty sure we already have the technology, in fact.
People say meat is tastier and whatnot, but get serious. A wine taster who is offered a glass of expensively labeled wine will invariably say it's better than a cheap labeled wine. And those guys are supposed to be highly trained and have a heightened taste sense. I doubt the average Joe could tell any difference between a sufficiently flavoured soy burger and a FatMac. More likely, he'll say the soy burger tastes better...
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (7)
Please read "The Omnivore's Dilemma".
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 4.8 / 5 (5)
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (4)
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 2.8 / 5 (4)
Could I be a vegetarian? Highly doubtful, and I'm not about to try it. There are a few vegies that I know are "safe" for me and I eat them with chicken, pork and beef (which have always been safe for me).
So, the whole "morality" aspect of this article and this thread is a bit surreal to me. Whether it's a trick of genetics or the radioactive spider that bit me as a baby, I don't have the choices many of you do. Pardon me if I opt out of some of these sweeping moral judgments.
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
I might be a bit biased, as I grew up on a ranch... but I must say that there are responsible ranchers who take good measures to insure a "happy" life for their animals. All of the cattle ranchers I know of are either animal lovers, or out of business shortly. Now, mind you, this does not apply to poultry, most pork producers, and a majority of dairymen. I find their practices absolutely abhorrent, and I do not consume those products.
Aside from my family's sentiments, well cared for animals make financial sense. The vast majority of beef producers know that that a well cared for animal, humanly raised and prepared for consumption is a superior product. The animals stress levels produce poor flavors, substandard fat content, and lower yields per animal. Our standard procedure is giving them actual open pasture for most of their lives. Only during a short period known as "finishing" do they go to feedlots, and even then, they are not the crowded, filthy conditions their dairy cousins must contend with.
When the animals are ready for market, even the slaughtering process is designed to be humane and stress free. The animals are killed out of sight from the rest, with a simply interruption of neural functioning. They never feel a thing, nor are they even a spectacle that would create any stress at all for the other cattle.
I hope at least you can feel better about eating one kind of meat. Oh, and for responsible pork products, buy a pig from a local fair or exhibition. They are normally raised by children rewarded for taking time to properly care for the animal. Poultry on the other hand, I really can't make you feel any better about that in any way. I won't even eat poultry that I have not seen personally raised.
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 1.7 / 5 (7)
Sep 04, 2009
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i.e. a part of life is pain, to be alive is to feed on other life, to deny that on one level but not another is absurd and you are only lieing to yourself
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: not rated yet
Ok so I just had a realization... all we really need is a continuous supply of blood glucose and the proper vitamins and minerals right? It would be conceivable that a system could be developed to continually produce glucose from atmospheric CO2 and an energy source as a sort of external power unit. Instead of picking up a bucket of chicken from KFC you could grab a liter of whatever for your fuel cell. I can see something like this having a place in space exploration.
Maybe those opposed to eating animals AND plants could walk around with solar panels on their backs. lol
Sep 04, 2009
Rank: not rated yet
Let it be known I am not opposed to eating animals or plants, I was just trying to point out the ridiculousness of moral vegetarianism.
Seriously, if that's your view you should at the very least be vegan and carry through that superficial principle through to it's conclusion. No animal products, period (don't let the staggering number of items which animals products are used in surprise or dissuade you).
Vegans = respectable
moral vegetarians = half-assed foolishness
Sep 04, 2009
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Sep 04, 2009
Rank: 2.5 / 5 (2)
Sep 04, 2009
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As well as any other food you'll grow. Otherwise it'd violate that rule and we'd be using it as an energy source. But I got your point. Anyway, are the veggies really against eating meat because of all the animal suffering, or are they just the proponents of (in their opinion) a healthier food life-style nowadays ? Let me rephrase. Would you eat star-trek like replicated meat (no suffering, exact copy of a real meat) ? It's not a question to be answered here in this forum, but rather in private, for yourself.
Sep 05, 2009
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Sep 05, 2009
Rank: not rated yet
It's even more scary that you would think there is a God who allows babies to be born with downs sydrome, or to be susceptible to SIDS. In fact, any of a countless multitude of things that you seem to think are okay as well, as long as God is out there to watch it all go on every day.
Sep 05, 2009
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The vegetarian lifestyle is not for everyone and can even kill some people who become allergic to phytochemicals.
Sep 06, 2009
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You obviously need to get dinovite to make your coat shiny and full and to stop the scratching and bad breath.
8 )
Sep 06, 2009
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The only things they can eat is what specifically lacks the particular chemicals and/or meat. And, the number of people allergic to phytochemicals is growing.
Sep 06, 2009
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as to the gentleman with the digestive problems above, might this be a predeliction in a species of the ingrained compulsion to diversify, the impetus toward speciation?
Sep 06, 2009
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Of course, I suppose that does not matter much when we consider that we are trying to reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere. If we do not double our levels of CO2, the Sun will evaporate the oceans in a billion years, anyway. So, either way, humanity is screwed unless we figure things out. :)
Sep 07, 2009
Rank: not rated yet
You're right. The world wouldn't work as we know it. The average person today thinks that Democracy and Capitalism both are the ultimate answers to a both organised and functional nation. Like there's no next step up the ladder.
We all see obvious flaws with both, and still everybody I know takes it for granted that this is it, there can't be anything better. Well, so did already the ancient kings, Mayans, Chinese, Egyptians, Socialists and Communists, too.
Just like my school teacher had a serious problem when I wrote in an exam that "Jupiter is currently known" to have 12 moons. To her it was blasphemy and disrespect.
Not that I personally have any idea what there should be.
Sep 07, 2009
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Sep 10, 2009
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
ah... they are not sentient...
which is the point... and why, its not as cruel as if you did it to a sentient being.
and before you argue, look up sentience and how to ascertain it, and which animals show the start of it.
Oct 12, 2009
Rank: not rated yet
@Shaffer
Seriously you must be kidding me...There have been countless humans that haven't felt pain when they died (being crushed, explosions, or other instant deaths), that's not an issue whether or not we care about that person. A human loss whether it feels pain or not is a loss, I can't believe I have to even explain that haha!