Invisible hand in invisible matter
October 6, 2009
Credit: Conejero, Misti & Mazlin
(PhysOrg.com) -- An international team of astronomers have found an unexpected link between mysterious 'dark matter' and the visible stars and gas in galaxies that could revolutionise our current understanding of gravity.
One of the astronomers, Dr Hongsheng Zhao of the SUPA Centre of Gravity, University of St Andrews, suggests that an unknown force is acting on dark matter. The findings are published this week in the scientific journal Nature.
Only 4% of the universe is made of known material. Stars and gas in galaxies move so fast that astronomers have speculated that the gravity from a hypothetical invisible halo of dark matter is needed to keep galaxies together. However, a solid understanding of dark matter as well as direct evidence of its existence has remained elusive.
Now the team believes that the interactions between dark and ordinary matter could be more important and more complex than previously thought, and even speculate that dark matter might not exist and that the anomalous motions of stars in galaxies are due to a modification of gravity on extragalactic scales.
Dr. Benoit Famaey (Universities of Bonn and Strasbourg) explains: "The dark matter seems to 'know' how the visible matter is distributed. They seem to conspire with each other such that the gravity of the visible matter at the characteristic radius of the dark halo is always the same. This is extremely surprising since one would rather expect the balance between visible and dark matter to strongly depend on the individual history of each galaxy."
Dr. Zhao at the SUPA Centre of Gravity notes, "The pattern that the data reveal is extremely odd. It's like finding a zoo of animals of all ages and sizes miraculously having identical, say, weight in their backbones or something. It is possible that a non-gravitational fifth force is ruling the dark matter with an invisible hand, leaving the same fingerprints on all galaxies, irrespective of their ages, shapes and sizes."
Such a force might solve an even bigger mystery, known as 'dark energy', which is ruling the accelerated expansion of the Universe. A more radical solution is a revision of the laws of gravity first developed by Isaac Newton in 1687 and refined by Albert Einstein's theory of General Relativity in 1916. Einstein never fully decided whether his equation should add an omnipresent constant source, now called dark energy.
Dr Famaey added, "If we account for our observations with a modified law of gravity, it makes perfect sense to replace the effective action of hypothetical dark matter with a force closely related to the distribution of visible matter."
The implications of the new research could change some of the most widely held scientific theories about the history and expansion of the universe.
Lead researcher Dr. Gianfranco Gentile at the University of Ghent concludes, "Understanding this puzzling conspiracy is probably the key to unlock the formation of galaxies and their structures."
More information: Universality of galactic surface densities within one dark halo scale-length, Nature 461, 627-628 (1 October 2009), doi:10.1038/nature08437
Provided by University of St Andrews
4 hours ago
I agree that "dark matter might not exist".
The anomalous observations are probably related the short-range repulsive force between neutrons that competes with the long-range force of gravity to maintain our dynamic, visible cosmos.
I urge Dr. Hongsheng Zhao and his associates to study the nuclear rest mass data that revealed repulsive forces between neutrons to five graduate students - Cynthia Bolon, Shelonda Finch, Daniel Ragland, Matthew Seelke and Bing Zhang - and me in the Spring Semester of 2000.
With kind regards,
Oliver K. Manuel
Doesn't that imply that gravitation begins to act differently from what we have expected at just this "point" - where the gravity of visible matter has a certain value which surprisingly always corresponds to the "characteristic radius" of the inferred dark halo?
What, gravitational lensing isn't enough?
So it would be safe to assume that something has got to pay for providing darkenergy/expansion,
How about long vibrating superstrings that because of mutual interacting/ frictionforces etc.., lower their energy by oscillating more slowly ,asymptotically approaching a common fequency (sort of heat death mechanism) and in doing so, the strings relax/lengthen and possibly drag space with it, visible matter could be supersets of vibrations riding on the string sand locally very different manifestation of harmonics/tune/physical rules than the "tune" of the guitar playing on cosmic scale, the fact that the amount of darkmatter is too perfectly correlated/topological organised to the presence of visible matter, makes dark matter a somewhat unlikely and artificial candidate, instead a deeper ubiquatous force acting/connecting both the nano and cosmic scale
1) difference in gravity
2) difference in mass distribution within and around a galaxy
That is about it so we have two main possibilities, each of those has a number of alternate solutions, of which dark matter is the current popular choice.
Dark matter or modified gravity which is correct and how can we tell?
Simple just observe the rotational velocity of a number of galaxies. If they all appear to have the same effect then we are looking at a modification to gravity. If we have a range of different effects then we are looking at dark matter.
It is inconceivable that all galaxies will have just the right amount of dark matter to affect the velocity of outer disk rotation in just the same way. Whereas with modified gravity that is exactly what would happen.
To my rather limited knowledge, I have not heard of any cases where the outer galaxy rotational speed is not consistent across galaxies, that leads me to the conclusion that most likely we have to modify gravity and not add dark matter.
See, it is easy when you approach the subject using the scientific method.
There was also a recent study that showed that for some galaxy clusters the distribution of dark matter and visible matter isn't uniform, actually the dark matter has the ability to detach from the visible matter. How can this be the case if dark matter is simply a manifestation of additional forces of attraction between visible matter?
Yes and those 'repulsive forces' between fermions are acting on a scale of nanometers. Besides wouldn't additional repulsive forces act opposite of what we are looking for?
We need additional attraction to explain the effects observed (hence the need for more mass and dark matter) not additional 'repulsion'.
It does mix with normal matter, in most cases visible matter and dark matter occupy the same region of space like in galaxies and galaxy clusters.
The reason BB has become a religion is because it explains many things. String theory wasn't made to explain BB, it's an attempt to explain the nature of the various elementary particles observed and their interactions.
However, String theory hasn't really lived up to the expectations mostly because it has proved very hard to make any firm and quantifiable predictions in 4 dimensions (usually they operate with at least 11 dimensions).
How come the unkown force does not act on matter directly?
This is getting to be like Ptolemy's spheres.
Ever increasing layers of forces to explain the previous one.
Thats what i found over the years, they keep adding variables and layers to keep up. If they would use a static (not expanding) universe it becomes much more clear. (only 2 variables)
Copernicus's simple, plausible idea of heliocentric motion eventually put an end to the "ever increasing forces to explain the previous one."
Would there be another simple plausible idea that would put an end to this ever increasing speculation about dark matter and dark energy? There is. All you have to do is think about it.
Why should the mass of the sun attract the planets? It is just as reasonable to guess that it is the sun's radiation that attracts the planets.
I have placed ~1086 gm hollow copper sphere over a 1000 W heat element. Located above the sphere were copper containers filled with ice. When power was applied for 400 s, the gravitational mass of the sphere increased by 1.9% or 20 gm.
You can find four other experiments with similar results and a paper describing how radiation mediates the gravitational force at http://vixra.org/abs/0907.0018
General Relativity?
MEFE is the Modified Einstein Field Equation.
"The matter produces the gravity field, and the energy of emission produces the separation field."
http://www.geocit...y01.html
Yeah, and the earth is flat.
A hypothesis or a guess such as "the sun's radiation is gravitationally attractive" is rendered more valid if it is supported by experiment. This hypothesis or guess that I made above has been substantiated by many experiments that were carried out over a number of years. Five of them are shown here:
http://vixra.org/abs/0907.0018
The radiation pressure studies show that radiation is repulsive. These studies tend to use a collimated beam or a laser. I use spreading infrared radiation (1000 W or more) and I observe that this kind of radiation is gravitationally attractive.
Never call a theory a law. They are all theories.
Never call a theory a law. It affects the psychology in people in a fundamental way that interferes with the action and fomenting of new ideas. I keep bringing this us,and I keep getting a bad rating from other members for it. Yet it is one of the most critical things a man can do for his creative flow and capacities..and that is to NEVER call ANY THEORY a LAW.
There are no 'laws of physics', there are -only- -theories of physics'.
All is explained in full detail, ~in all it's glory~ in the interconnected works of:
E.T. Whittaker
James Clerk Maxwell (ORIGINAL works-torsion tensor/vector, not the modern edited versions)
Nikola Tesla
O.C. Hilgenberg
Karl Fredrich Krafft
Gabriel Kron
Walther Gerlach
---And ....Albert Einstein in his 1927-1928 full, working, and ~engineerable~ 'Unified Field Theory' that he had created when he threw general relativity OUT, and worked with Maxwell's full ORIGINAL 20 equations, which added in the 'torsion/ tensors'.
This makes it fairly clear that what is being called dark matter is really something ordinary matter does, eliminating the need for dark matter, and probably dark energy.
Well, then, wouldn't that mean that regular matter is the source of dark matter, or otherwise plays a fundamental role in its formation and distribution?
Instead of adding arbitrary dimensions and parameters, why not try the opposite? I'd like to see someone propose a 1D version of the universe, for a change.
fill up a sink with water...then pull the drain...no matter how big the body of water you did it too, all that water circles the drain...
supermassive black hole = drain
if they exist in the center of galaxies....and the drain thinking were plausible in most peoples minds...no need for dark matter to hold a galaxy together anymore...
my rant :)
As for dark energy, maybe some of the parallel universes are still inflating and we are getting some bleed through on that as well.
Nice picture. But it implies either
(i) that SMBHs give rise to an unknown long distance attractive force
or
(ii) that the law of gravitation is - at long distance - different from what we know hitherto.
http://mor.phe.us...Yang.jpg
Yin Yang, one half is dense Matter region with maybe a blackhole in center, or clusters of galaxies (with with black eye) The other half is vacuum with almost no matter.
Now..
They say blackholes eject high energy beams because of particles on the event horizon being pulled in. I say Center of a galaxy or blackhole (if they excist) turn so fast that they have a donut shape. North/South would deformed that it would be close to the center. At the center matter is being compressed to hard it turns in to pure energy and gets ejected (as we can see as gamma rays etc)
Then..
In Super vacuum parts of space, (black with the white eye) vacuum strength is so high it even would cool enery, it then becomes matter again and that matter slowly drifts towards dense matter regions.
And every galaxy is a dense cluster, so your might have lots of super vacuum regions. This all with no beginning, it was always their.
no offense to anyone from texas...
observations made by Dr. Hongsheng Zhao and his associates. Actually, the link between dark matter and real matter has been suspect for a long time and is now not surprising in light of my theory. Read about it and you will be enlightened at http://cosmicdark...ics.html