Mysterious X-rays from a Nearby Galaxy
November 13, 2009
An optical image if the active galaxy NGC 1365; its nucleus contains a massive black hole that emits a strange mix of X-ray radiation. Credit: SSRO-South
(PhysOrg.com) -- The nucleus of an active galaxy, an AGN, contains a massive black hole that is vigorously accreting material. In the process it typically ejects jets of particles and radiates brightly at many wavelengths, in particular at X-ray wavelengths.
It turns out that nearly half of all AGN seem to have very thick gas clouds near their nuclei, a conclusion reached because only high energy X-rays are seen coming from them; the usual explanation is that gas clouds absorb the lower energy X-ray emission, while higher energy radiation is relatively unaffected.
X-ray AGN are important to astronomers not only because they provide new insights into black holes and their surroundings, but because the X-rays are often time variable, suggesting that these clouds of gas are in motion around the nucleus. These kinematics in turn provide information on how the AGN and its galaxy formed and evolved.
The galaxy NGC 1365 is about sixty light-years away. It is notable for having rapid variations in its low energy X-rays -- timescales of just days, suggesting that solar-system-sized gas clouds near the nucleus are moving across our view of the AGN, possibly part of a torus around the nucleus. SAO astronomers Guido Risaliti, Martin Elvis, Pepi Fabbiano, and Junfeng Wang have used a suite of orbiting X-ray telescopes to discover and track a very curious property of NGC 1365: its high energy X-ray emission is about twice that expected compared to the low energy emission, even when the low energy radiation is at its brightest.
The scientists offer three possible explanations for this so-far unique situation: the AGN has yet another layer of absorbing gas but one that does not vary (but where did it come from), there is a second black hole contributing its own X-rays (but no other galaxy of this type has two such black holes), or the shape of the absorber has a particular, complex geometry (which seems very artificial). Whatever the final solution, the new paper sheds light on the complex environment that can exist around active galactic nuclei.
Provided by Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (news : web)
16 hours ago
Considering the galaxy closest to the Milky Way, Andromeda, is about 2.5 million ly away, this is an error.
Really?
hah! Googly got there first - by 18 seconds.......... :)
The Andromeda galaxy is not our nearest.
It is the largest in what is termed "The Local Group" our galaxy the Milky Way galaxy is the next largest in this group
Incidentlly the Andromeda galaxy is actually heading our way
Interesting. They posit every solution except the one that says that the source is variable.
"Another layer." When they say stuff like that something is not quite right.
Still what is a million or two between friends.
Whether it is 56 light years or 56 million light years we will never reach either, except of course in movies.
I will endeavour not to be so sloppy in future.