Scientists say dolphins should be treated as non-human persons
January 6, 2010 by Lin Edwards
(PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists studying dolphin behavior have suggested they could be the most intelligent creatures on Earth after humans, saying the size of their brains in relation to body size is larger than that of our closest relatives, the chimpanzees, and their behaviors suggest complex intelligence. One scientist said they should therefore be treated as "non-human persons" and granted rights as individuals.
The behavioral studies showed dolphins (especially the bottlenose) have distinct personalities and self-awareness, and they can think about the future. The research also confirmed dolphins have complex social structures, with individuals co-operating to solve difficult problems or to round up shoals of fish to eat, and with new behaviors being passed from one dolphin to another.
Several examples of learning being passed on to other individuals have been observed. In one case a rescued dolphin in South Australia, taught to tail-walk during recuperation, in turn taught the trick to other wild dolphins in the Port Adelaide river estuary when she was released. According to marine biologist Mike Bossley it was "like watching a dance craze take off", with the dolphins apparently learning the trick just for fun, since tail-walking has no natural function.
Work carried out by professor of psychology at the City University of New York, Diana Reiss, showed dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror, and could use it to inspect other parts of their bodies, an ability previously only demonstrated in humans and a few animals such as apes, elephants and pigs. In another study Reiss was able to teach captive dolphins a rudimentary language based on symbols.
In anatomical studies of the dolphin, zoologist Lori Marino and colleagues from Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia in the US, used MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans to map the brains of dolphins and compare them with the brains of primates. She found the ratio of dolphin brain mass to body size to be second only to the human brain, which means dolphin brains are relatively larger than those of chimpanzees.
The neocortex and cerebral cortex of the bottlenose dolphins were particularly large and the cortex had similar convoluted folds to those found in human brains and strongly associated with intelligence. Cortical folds increase the volume of the cortex and its capacity for interconnections to form. Marino said the findings on brain anatomy and intelligence of dolphins mean we should re-examine the treatment of dolphins, especially when their treatment results in suffering.
Reiss and Marino say their behavioral and anatomical findings and our new understanding of dolphin intelligence mean it may not be ethical to keep dolphins in aquatic amusement parks for our entertainment, or to kill them for food. Around 300,000 whales, dolphins, and porpoises die each year, with some being killed for food, such as the annual killing of thousands of dolphins and small whales in Taijii, Japan, or even to prove the manhood of those killing them, such as the slaughter of Calderon dolphins at Faroe Island, in Denmark.
Reiss and Marino will present their findings at a conference in San Diego, California next month. Also speaking at the conference will be professor of ethics and business at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, Thomas White, who said the new research adds weight to his ideas that dolphins should be regarded as "non-human persons" with the right to be treated as individuals. White is the author of the book "In Defense of Dolphins".
© 2009 PhysOrg.com
-
Group calls for ban on dolphin therapy
Oct 28, 2007 |
not rated yet |
0
-
'Flipper' trainer against dolphin tourism
Oct 28, 2005 |
not rated yet |
0
-
Dolphin 'therapy' a dangerous fad, Emory researchers warn
Dec 18, 2007 |
not rated yet |
0
-
Another dolphin stranding off Cape Cod
Jan 29, 2006 |
not rated yet |
0
-
Dolphin population at risk in Britain
May 16, 2007 |
not rated yet |
0
-
Engineers build first sub-10-nm carbon nanotube transistor
Feb 01, 2012 |
4.9 / 5 (29) |
30
-
Something old, something new: Evolution and the structural divergence of duplicate genes
Jan 31, 2012 |
4.6 / 5 (7) |
1
-
The hidden nanoworld of ice crystals: Revealing the dynamic behavior of quasi-liquid layers
Jan 30, 2012 |
5 / 5 (3) |
1
-
Stock market network reveals investor clustering
Jan 27, 2012 |
4 / 5 (22) |
8
-
Of microchemistry and molecules: Electronic microfluidic device synthesizes biocompatible probes
Jan 26, 2012 |
5 / 5 (1) |
0
-
a single mRNA strand is attached to sevaral ribosomes?
4 hours ago
-
Oestrogen and FSH
18 hours ago
-
Linear Blood Vessel Network Examples in Animals or Plants
19 hours ago
-
Neuroscientists: What is a Principal Cell Layer?
Feb 06, 2012
-
How does slime mould grow?
Feb 04, 2012
-
Why are mosquitoes and bedbugs successful?
Feb 04, 2012
- More from Physics Forums - Biology
More news stories
Tiny primate 'talks' in ultrasound
One of the world's smallest primates, the Philippine tarsier, communicates in a range of ultrasound inaudible to predator and prey alike, according to a study published on Wednesday.
58 minutes ago |
not rated yet |
0
Ship noise boosts stress in whales, 9/11 reveals: study
The steady drone of motors along busy commercial shipping lanes not only alters whale behaviour but can affect the giant sea mammals physically by causing chronic stress, a study published Wednesday has reported ...
57 minutes ago |
not rated yet |
0
Court to decide if SeaWorld whales are illegal 'slaves'
A California federal court is to decide for the first time in US history whether amusement park animals are protected by the same constitutional rights as humans.
51 minutes ago |
not rated yet |
0
Scared of a younger rival? Not for some male songbirds
When mature male white-crowned sparrows duel to win a mate or a nesting territory, a young bird just doesn't get much respect.
1 hour ago |
5 / 5 (1) |
0
|
New study sheds light on genetics of rice metabolism
A large-scale study analyzing metabolic compounds in rice grains conducted by researchers at the RIKEN Plant Science Center (PSC) and their collaborators has identified 131 rice metabolites and clarified the ...
1 hour ago |
not rated yet |
0
Study examines role of bilingualism in children's development
A new study on children who are raised bilingual examined the effects on children's development of growing up speaking two languages. The study found that different factors were responsible for the language- and non-language-related ...
2.1 million viewers live stream Super Bowl online
(AP) -- The first live stream of the Super Bowl drew 2.1 million unique viewers, NBC said Thursday.
Getting caffeine fix as easy as taking deep breath
(AP) -- Move over, coffee and Red Bull. A Harvard professor thinks the next big thing will be people inhaling their caffeine from a lipstick-sized tube. Critics say the novel product is not without its risks.
Japan electronic giants eye chip merger: reports
Three of Japan's biggest electronics companies are to join forces in a chip-making venture, according to reports, days after a swathe of dire results from a sector struggling to compete globally.
Hundreds of gamers flock to Brazil tech fest
Hundreds of geeks and gamers braved Sao Paulo's torrid heat Tuesday to play online video games at the fifth edition of Brazil's Campus Party, an annual, week-long technology fest.
Baseball legend fields fantasy world video game
Electronic Arts has released a much-anticipated "Kingdoms of Amalur: Reckoning" video game created by an all-star team put together by World Series champion pitcher Curt Schilling.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 1.9 / 5 (28)
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (24)
Its like arguing with certain germans in the 1930-1940's saying jews are human.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 1.7 / 5 (24)
this isn't news. it's crap. it's like me saying dogs are smart and that i love them so much. that's not news.
keep this trash off physorg
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 3.3 / 5 (13)
Obviously.
So we should consider in this case whether or not dolphins can serve in the armed forces of their own free will; and in fact we know they can:
http://en.wikiped..._dolphin
(that was too easy)
This leaves only their duty to declare allegience to a country (or to sue for independence through the appropriate advocacy groups) and be considered eligible to vote. RFID implants could be used to keep track of their financial worth.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 3.6 / 5 (21)
We spend $$$$ on science programs trying to find other earth-like planets and listen for signs of intelligent life out in the galaxy.
HOWEVER, we DON'T try to establish communications with other obviously intelligent creatures on THIS planet - Why? No scientific reason - just a huge EGO problem. "they're just animals!"
And every time some independent researcher actually tries, the world scoffs at the results.
Humans are idiots.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 4.6 / 5 (19)
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 4 / 5 (13)
They've also hearded people towards sharks to distract the sharks from their food sources and hidden young. Don't assume they're entirely altruistic, they do realize that we feed them.
I'm intrigued by the study of dolphins. How wonderful would it be to discover that advanced sentience isn't limited to homonids alone.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 4.4 / 5 (17)
Nada couldn't have said it better... We've spent over $30 million on Radio Dishes to search for ET life - but god forbid we spend $1500 on a peer-reveiwed study that might change the way we think about intelligent life on our own planet.
Remember, less than 100 years ago people were hanged for saying a black man had rights or was "Human." Let's not forget where we came from... and where we're trying to go.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (15)
15 years from now, we will have dolphins harvesting coral on our coral plantations, singing sad dolphin songs.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (13)
The researchers need to do more to prove intellectual prowess by testing actual capabilities before making any claims about this species status as a critically thinking biological equal...
And yes I like dolphins too
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (6)
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (8)
What if some advanced fish developed an underwater city and started targeting humans on the surface with atomic death rays because they were on the loosing end of that equation?
Brain size and folds don't tell the whole story. My understanding from previous articles on the subject is that the sort of mesh level (density interconnections with other nerves) are very important -- perhaps even the most important indicator of intelligence. Looking at size and shape of structures alone is just scratching the surface of this issue.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 4.1 / 5 (12)
Ok, that was in poor taste, I just couldn't resist.
I think it is just an "oh, PETA :rolleyes:*" statement. Should dolphins as a sentient organism be given 'special' treatment re: not being killed or eaten? Certainly. Should they be entitled to purchase property and allowed to vote, etc.? Not until we have a consistent method of communication on an everyday level between our species. Is this a societal change that will be accepted around the world? Certainly not. Case in point: apes/chimpanzees are intelligent enough to learn a language (sign language) and communicate with humans; people still eat monkey brains and other bush meat.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 2.8 / 5 (9)
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 3.9 / 5 (11)
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 2.8 / 5 (13)
That is a bunch of B.S. Show us some evidence for your claim.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 3.8 / 5 (12)
http://luna.pos.t...ler.html
http://www.nwf.or...eep.aspx
There are many articles concerning dolphin on human as well as dolphin on dolphin violence out there. There's a reason why people want the practice of "dolphin therapy" banned, and it has nothing to do with exploitation or harming dolphins.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (6)
-I was reflecting on this type of designation for terminal cancer patients who wanted to sign away their rights to full humanhood in return for access to unapproved therapies. Healthy but untouchable-? Temporary somehow like incarceration?
There are already gradations based upon trust- not safe outside prison, only safe with supervision, cant vote or protect onesself because of prior felony; as well as credit limitations which can seriously reduce quality of life.
Just cause dolphins dont have feet and a middle finger dont mean they couldnt walk all over ya. Just wait- gene engineering gives apes and dolphins and maybe mules voiceboxes-
Zev buddy- maybe youre one of the few that antidepressants would actually help >:[
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (4)
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 1.9 / 5 (14)
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 3.6 / 5 (7)
More to the point:
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 3.8 / 5 (9)
I thought dolphins beach themselves to escape brain damage when the Navy sonar throws off their sonar, like whales.
How do we know that's not happening now? The navy uses them for experiments: http://www.essort...rjms.htm
I'm still waiting for that word on how to treat our non-human ET friends.
Jan 06, 2010
Rank: 4.5 / 5 (8)
Obviously not all dolphins do this for food, some are just stupid like some humans are stupid and decide that jumping into the polar bear habitat at the zoo is okay.
Secondly, dogs know the difference between sand and water too. Dogs are very smart, can learn a variety of commands and tricks, and are generally able to see sand as well as a dolphin. I don't know a thing about how exactly smart dolphins are, but from what I've read, dolphins have better abstract thinking and problem solving skills than dogs.
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 1.6 / 5 (9)
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (7)
Dogs have also been known to rescue people. What is your point exactly? Should we also treat dogs like people too? Chimpanzees and even crows have been shown to use primitive tools. What is it that makes dolphins worthy of people status, and other animals simply "animals"? Oh wait, it's their "brains in relation to body size." *Sigh*
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 1.4 / 5 (10)
Try widen your perspective to a global one! The greatest disease this planet has contracted is called "Homo Sapiens" - i hope i'm dead when it mutates into "Homo Superior"
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 4.8 / 5 (6)
Seeing as they don't have hands your argument is fairly foolish.
Dolphins self identify and give themselves names. They use these names to communicate and announce their presence and locations to each other. They coordinate and attack or defend like military units do. There's stacks and stacks of research on how dolphins communicate in almost the same ways as humans do with each other. Just because we don't understand it doesn't mean they don't.
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (4)
You mean the fishing villages in Japan that are primarily Korean or the government, which is trying to ban the process.
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (6)
Let me clarify, to make it simple... Tell it to all those Japanese who are eating dolphins in restaurants or otherwise.
If you cannot stop the industry, you can always try to reason with people..
And government not being able to stop this? You actually believe this?..
A second biggest economy in the world can manage without this disgrace, dont u think so?
And help those villagers to live on pig farms instead..
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 2.1 / 5 (7)
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (5)
After all, we are not talking here about feeding 50 million people...
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (4)
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Maybe long enough that we can get some non-human intelligences (computers of course) in to run the economy and infrastructure for us! Everyone will benefit.
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
I suspect that dolphins are the "next most intelligent" animals on the planet, depending of course on what we mean by "intelligent." It is very likely that they have not developed a universal language. Would it not be great to teach them one? Will we regret it?
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 2 / 5 (4)
Enjoy your ivory tower.
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Well, I assume they could draw duty and hazard pay which could subject them to income tax. They could use their income to pay in part for illness caused by sonar and pollutants (or for health insurance), or for legal representation to recover such. The question is. what do dolphins WANT? They havent shown much inclination beyond eating and playing that a disposable income could be used for. Although I certainly wouldnt call them 'useless eaters'. Dolphins could be trained for terrorist missions against japanese whalers thereby saving much fiberglas and kevlar, but if caught could they be found culpable? I say tweek their genes a little, lets hear whats on their minds. We may have a responsibility to educate them if they attain citizenship. Or them us? Its a living-
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 07, 2010
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
Jan 08, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)
"So Long and Thanks For All The Fish!"
Jan 08, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
http://www.youtub...gnWNZzdg
Jan 08, 2010
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
I STILL didn't see anything about Dolphins "herding' people towards sharks.
Of course they are wild animals, and have bitten people. If you were a dolphin, and some guy jumped in the water and started fondling you, you would probably bite him too...
Jan 08, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
I appreciated the reference. Someone out there is no fun with the insta-1 rating.
Jan 08, 2010
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
should suffer or be eaten.
If so, a mentally diseased human, without any capacity of reasoning or communication,
could be sold by its family as the special dish of the day...
Jan 09, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
Dear Fellow Humans,
On behalf of all dolphins in the oceans of the world, we are ashamed that you would consider calling us "non-human" persons.
We demand a formal apology and 10 million tons of fish as reparations for your comments.
Thank you.
Dolphine XVII
Prime Minister of Dolphinatica
DSNA (Dolphin States of the North Atlantic)
Jan 09, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)
Jan 10, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 10, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
And if absolutely no one felt that was a problem, it wouldn't be. It is, because people develop attachments and empathy. Being a member of the same species a human doesn't require the intellect, another species does. It's a balance of sorts...
Jan 10, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Jan 10, 2010
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Recall that the United States treats "corporations" as non-human persons TODAY!
Jan 10, 2010
Rank: 5 / 5 (2)
You mean like we treat Afghanis and Iraqis and Mexicans and Nigerians and Ethiopians and everybody else that doesn't look like us and talk like us?
Jan 10, 2010
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Not a balance. It's a bias. A genetic bias to defend those that share our traits. ie: other humans. That's why we anthropomorphosize features of our pets. So we can mentally relate to them.
Jan 10, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
Jan 11, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
I think when Dolphins ask to be let out of parks they should be. If anything the tail walking trick would show that for that individual dolphin his time in captivity was beneficial.
Think of how popular he must be now after showing all the others his trick.
Jan 18, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
Apart from that, the dolphin brain has far more taken up by the senses due to their use of echolocation etc etc all explained in detail in 'Do Animals Think?' by Clive D.L.Wilson, Princeton University Press, 2004
Jan 18, 2010
Rank: 5 / 5 (1)
Areas that count are more dense:
"A high ratio is necessary for such things as emotional control, objectivity, reality orientation, humor, logically consistent abstract thought, and higher creativity. There seems to be a clear correspondence between the ratio and these abilities. Cetaceans have a ratio that surpasses even the healthiest of humans. This is supported by behavior studies of captured dolphins who show a high amount of playfulness and enjoyment even when in captivity. Humans under such circumstances would not fare quite so well."
More measurements to contemplate:
https://www.msu.e...tm#sect2
We don't understand as much as we think we do and should respect all as we would respect ourselves.
FUNDAMENTAL COMMON SENSE
Jan 19, 2010
Rank: not rated yet