Selective brain damage modulates human spirituality
February 10, 2010New research provides fascinating insight into brain changes that might underlie alterations in spiritual and religious attitudes. The study, published by Cell Press in the February 11 issue of the journal Neuron, explores the neural basis of spirituality by studying patients before and after surgery to remove a brain tumor.
Although it is well established that all behaviors and experiences, spiritual or otherwise, must originate in the brain, true empirical exploration of the neural underpinnings of spirituality has been challenging. However, recent advances in neuroscience have started to make the complex mental processes associated with religion and spirituality more accessible.
"Neuroimaging studies have linked activity within a large network in the brain that connects the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortexes with spiritual experiences, but information on the causative link between such a network and spirituality is lacking," explains lead study author, Dr. Cosimo Urgesi from the University of Udine in Italy.
Dr. Urgesi and colleagues were interested in making a direct link between brain activity and spirituality. They focused specifically on the personality trait called self-transcendence (ST), which is thought to be a measure of spiritual feeling, thinking, and behaviors in humans. ST reflects a decreased sense of self and an ability to identify one's self as an integral part of the universe as a whole.
The researchers combined analysis of ST scores obtained from brain tumor patients before and after they had surgery to remove their tumor, with advanced techniques for mapping the exact location of the brain lesions after surgery. "This approach allowed us to explore the possible changes of ST induced by specific brain lesions and the causative role played by frontal, temporal, and parietal structures in supporting interindividual differences in ST," says researcher Dr. Franco Fabbro from the University of Udine.
The group found that selective damage to the left and right posterior parietal regions induced a specific increase in ST. "Our symptom-lesion mapping study is the first demonstration of a causative link between brain functioning and ST," offers Dr. Urgesi. "Damage to posterior parietal areas induced unusually fast changes of a stable personality dimension related to transcendental self-referential awareness. Thus, dysfunctional parietal neural activity may underpin altered spiritual and religious attitudes and behaviors."
These results may even lead to new strategies for treating some forms of mental illness. "If a stable personality trait like ST can undergo fast changes as a consequence of brain lesions, it would indicate that at least some personality dimensions may be modified by influencing neural activity in specific areas," suggests Dr. Salvatore M. Aglioti from Sapienza University of Rome. "Perhaps novel approaches aimed at modulating neural activity might ultimately pave the way to new treatments of personality disorders."
More information: Fabbro et al.: “The Spiritual Brain: Selective Cortical Lesions Modulate Human Self-Transcendence.” Publishing in Neuron 65, 309-319, February 11, 2010. DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.01.026
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Feb 10, 2010
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Feb 10, 2010
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
On the other hand, LSD seems to have the desired effect. And it's not even permanent (for the most part =D)
"I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together."
- John the Prophet, a.k.a. The Walrus...
Feb 10, 2010
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Feb 10, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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I have nothing against private brain lesions, but teaching children to ignore evidence and believe claptrap merely because the parents were taught claptrap is a BAD THING.
Someday it will be named what it is: child abuse!
Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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Isn't it amazing how people will call such biased "studies" science?
Feb 11, 2010
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Isn't it amazing the conclusions biased people will read into a report?
Feb 11, 2010
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-While my leap to conclusion was in part meant to be humerous, you seem entirely in earnest about yours. I suspect... Brain damage. This is huge! The idea that damage is responsible for inexplicable behaviors in a significant portion of the population... It bolsters my understanding of the human brain as overevolved, unwieldy, resource-hungry, and thus more prone to defect than not. It is an anomaly, created by artificial conditions of continuous tribal warfare over the course of a million years. The more clever were able to overrun the enemy and take his women; this process resulted in the runaway development of this fragile, flawed monstrosity in our heads.
Feb 11, 2010
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I understand certainly that the study is not definitive. But it does do much to explain why so many people have that irrational desire to jump to conclusion about the world, based upon strong inner feeling rather than observation and reason. And damage to one portion of the brain certainly suggests further damage in other areas, giving rise to similar compulsions and addictive cravings which, because they are so common, we have come to regard them as normal. There is more damage and dysfunction in this world than not; more unreason than reason. And it is why religion is so effective in organizing the people.
Feb 11, 2010
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How accurate is observation and the reasoning from such observations?
Jim Christy looked at a photo of Pluto and saw a moon no one else saw, looking at the same photo.
Feb 11, 2010
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Would you prefer to have the intelligence of a fire ant? I'm pretty happy with our current hardware :)
Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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I didn't say that some religious people don't try to use religion to teach science. I said religion (not religious kooks) doesn't teach science. In other words, any argument about science that is based on religion is not valid. Any conclusions about the physical universe based on religion are without merit. And any argument about religion based on science is not valid. The two do not overlap and any attempt to make them overlap is faulty.
Feb 11, 2010
Rank: 3.6 / 5 (7)
I beg to differ, in one vital aspect. When people put forth proclamations such as yours, they mostly refer to the existence of the "supernatural" or "divine" in the abstract. However, there's a very concrete assertion most religions make regarding tangible and testable reality: they claim that human mind/consciousness/self constitutes a "spirit" or "soul" that is immaterial, separate from body, and exists past death. THIS is definitely a scientific matter, and SCIENTIFIC evidence indicates that there is no such thing as souls, spirits, etc. We are our brains, and our brains don't live past death. There's no "afterlife". That's at least one case where science can make some VERY solid arguments about religion.
Feb 11, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (4)
The only people that claim that science and religion have no overlap are those that don't think their religion should be answerable. Religious texts make serious claims that are scientifically testable. The "great flood" for instance is testable through geological evidence. Turin's Shroud being a religious artifact from approx 30AD is scientifically testable. Pi equaling 3, thats scientifically testable. The stars being painted onto the firmament, thats scientifically testable.
The problem is that those that believe that religion isn't testable don't want to hear the scientific answers.
Feb 11, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)
Of course, the non-religious people don't have any obligation to deal with the differences between the believes of religious laymen and those of religious experts.
But even scientific laymen should have some perception that there is more to, say, GR than the ubiquitous formula E=mc**2.
If you really want to attack religious believes you'll have to attack the theodicies. While the existence of gods is undecidable there is no clean acceptable theodicy.
Feb 11, 2010
Rank: 1.6 / 5 (7)
How is faith testable?
Faith is the Bible's main theme. Why is faith important and how would you test faith?
Why do you have faith in science?
Feb 11, 2010
Rank: 3.4 / 5 (5)
Read the article, for one. I know it is difficult for you, and I've pointed that out in many different threads, but unless you understand the measurements of spirituality that are being discussed, you're just wasting everyone's time with repetitious questions.
There is no faith in science. Scientific discoveries are --repeatable-- by their very nature. Faith doesn't have that feature.
Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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The Wikipedia article on Sir Karl Popper gives an introduction to scientific reasoning.
Feb 11, 2010
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Don't tell me... tell the Creationists ;-) We are obviously on the same side of the argument...
Feb 11, 2010
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (5)
From the actions of those practicing science today, skepticism is not high on their list.
"Anybody who has been seriously engaged is scientific work of any kind realizes that over the entrance to the gates of the temple of science are written the words: 'Ye must have faith.'
Max Planck "
"Whence come I and whither go I? That is the great unfathomable question, the same for every one of us. Science has no answer to it.
Max Planck
"
Feb 11, 2010
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http://www.physor...059.html
-This affliction is damage whether genetic or environmental.
Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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One would have to wonder why one that is so anti-intellectual would keep coming back to web site that must be so frightening for them.
Tell me, marjon, can you tell me?
Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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Teilhard's noosphere and phenomenology in no way supports either "souls" or "afterlife". He was concerned only with increasingly complex arrangements of *matter*, and therefore not with anything "supernatural".
Attacking theodicy is pointless, as various religions give rather self-consistent accounts. For example, Cabbalists believe that there is no supernatural "evil": there are only angels whose job it is to test the faith and fidelity of man (without travail, there is no growth.)
Far more central to ALL religions (as opposed to just some), are the concepts of afterlife and the notion of souls. These concepts stand in STARK contradiction with existing and expanding scientific knowledge; they are in fact by now clearly failed hypotheses, and from a scientific point of view, must be summarily discarded.
Feb 11, 2010
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But the comments about science, from a non-scientist, Popper, are praised.
Feb 11, 2010
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I am amused by those 'moderate' 'tolerant' 'intellectuals' that call me names instead of discussing the issues raised by my comment.
Feb 11, 2010
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You still have not defined 'FOAD'.
Feb 11, 2010
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I think I have seen a few studies that suggest people who have religious faith and those that are optimistic have better health and have happier lives. Sounds repeatable and testable.
Feb 11, 2010
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Feb 11, 2010
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Aside from misspelling (Kabbalists is the proper rendering), I think I actually meant Gnostics. I'm actually not sure what the Kabbalistic view of evil is...
Feb 11, 2010
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http://www.health...r-health
"An analysis of 42 studies involving 125,286 patients, published in the June 2000 issue of Health Psychology, found that those with some sort of religious involvement live longer -- "
http://www.medici...ey=50846
"Science is heuristic." Discussion of the Method, Koen, p.173
Feb 11, 2010
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (3)
It has absolutely nothing to say regarding any truth value in any religious framework. The same effects will be manifested by practitioners of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Santaria, Satanism, Judaism, Falun Gong, Islam, Wicca, Bahai'ism, Shintoism, or pick your favorite 'ism. And again the same effects will be manifested by socially well-connected nonreligious practitioners of meditation.
Feb 12, 2010
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (7)
Parents pre-op:
Mathew: isn't the procedure expensive, complex and dangerous?
Mary: yes, but it's worth the risk for our child's salvation
Mathew and Mary together: Praise to our deity
Parents post-op:
Mathew: look our child is drooling and speaking in tongues
Mary: Praise to our deity, the procedure was a success
Mathew: oh Mary
Mary: oh Mathew
(okay, this was just for laughs) Although, I could see someone thinking it could actually be a good idea. YIKES!
Feb 12, 2010
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Feb 12, 2010
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Feb 13, 2010
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I suppose I shouldn't be but I'm amazed by how many people here seem to think there is sufficient data from which to draw conclusions. Seems quite irrational .
Feb 13, 2010
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Feb 13, 2010
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Oh my. What a wonderful substance.
Feb 13, 2010
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This article is somewhat vague on this issue, but since most people know this, I would assume that the brain lesions they are discussing are disabling the sense of self-awareness, and destroying any spiritual sense.
Reading into this that the study discovered that brain damage CAUSES religious feeling or spiritual sensitivity is ludicrous.
Feb 13, 2010
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Feb 15, 2010
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A defect, a sickness, not something beneficial.
Feb 15, 2010
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Feb 16, 2010
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Feb 16, 2010
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Feb 16, 2010
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To give you a simple example. Right below the comment-entrance box there's a string of words: Brevity is the soul of wit. This states that to do things in a brief manner creates the matter of wit. Using this definition of soul, which is quite common sense to me if no-one else, allows for a peaceful blending of the concepts of the psyche, the soul, ascension [in vibrational energy (and yet I'm confused, since matter contains so much energy, it must actually be a million-fold higher in vibration than free-form energy, right? Sometimes logic can be confusing - i.e. it brings together the natures of - as in the Latin con and maybe the greek physion - before the two have been properly understood individually)], chaos theory, etc.
Le finn!...
Feb 16, 2010
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It doesnt. People shouldnt post here when drunk or stoned)]
Feb 17, 2010
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Feb 17, 2010
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Feb 17, 2010
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Feb 17, 2010
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I also find it sad that people need to argue over the subject of spirituality and science. Yes, religion has and does cause a lot of problems - this doesn't mean that spirituality is useless. Spirituality and science go hand-in-hand in describing the beauty of the universe we live in. I don't see how someone can appreciate the incredible world around us without realizing the beauty of the science that describes it, and I don't see how someone can look at that beauty and not be filled with an immense sense of the fact that there is something amazing going on. Just because you're scientific doesn't mean that you have to discount the merits of spirituality, don't let ignorant religious-types ruin it for you.
But that's just my $0.02; have fun arguing with each other.
Feb 17, 2010
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Religionists object to the realities of evolution or genetics basically because the idea that we came from animals is distasteful to them.
Feb 17, 2010
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Perception is reality.
All individuals perceive the world differently so how can 'Knowledge' be same for everyone?
Feb 17, 2010
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Feb 17, 2010
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2 We could point out their unfamiliarity with the subject matter or inability to understand it, but they dont appear able to learn from their mistakes
3 We could attempt to embarrass them in this, but they only see this as a challenge
4 We could insult them but they only regard this as a form of attention
5 We could again try to ignore them but they see this lack of attention as insulting
6 Or we could use their compulsion as a continuing demonstration to newbies and seasoned posters alike, of the bizarre and neurotic nature of trolls and stalkers. Besides its fun, and it reflects on religionists in general. It shows us the kind of people they tend to be.
Feb 17, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
If any sort of observation creates the daemons associated with quantum theory, however, then perhaps even plants, rocks and atoms have their own forms of observation, lending credence to the connection I've personally made between quantum theory, the merkabah and the seed of buddha.
Are the micro-tubular structures in every neuron of our brains capable of a sort of quantum computation?
The new-age trend of using pseudo-scientific ideas to explain traditional spiritual beliefs does bewilder, baffle and bother me quite as much as it does you, I'm sure.
Feb 17, 2010
Rank: 3.3 / 5 (3)
As it must be to you to make the distinction between coming from and still being animals (you could have just as easily said "because the idea that we are animals is distateful to them". Clearly you were highlighting religious rebellion regarding the theory of evolution, but I had to give you some $#!%, man). So even scientists can, to some degree, object to those realities. Whether that objection is in their thoughts or merely in their words.
And I see now that your little list and comments regarding trolls and stalkers (though I may be a troll and a stalker, I didn't see myself as having said anything that was to a greater degree, religious so I'd taken offense to your perception of me as a religionist (not because I see religionism as bad, but because I don't like being misunderstood)) was probably a dis to marjon [of error]. Peace!
Feb 17, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
This is in reference to the micro-tubules, yes? Yes. Obviously it was a wild conjenctural leap. I didn't mean much by it, except that there could possibly be a correlation...
As a note to what you said about being drunk or high and posting on here...I was most deffinitely drunk when I wrote most of those comments. Unfortunately not high.
But the irony is in the fact that when creating my account, solely so I could comment on this thread, I noticed that ch4o7ic could, in 1337sp33k, not only say chaotic, but also chronic, if you look at it right.
Feb 17, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
Marjon is one of our resident religious trolls that posts one line questions or statements that tend to be built of crude woven straw and dressed up in finery, ready to be knocked down.
Keep up your commenting, please.
Feb 17, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (1)
Close. I think you mean what we call reality is merely our perception of it, meaning that our conception of reality is an illusion. Well, a concept. Language is far more adequate in its accuracy than I previously thought. The subtleties of it are there for thoe who choose to be sharp (anal) enough to see them. Reality is the same for everyone, though. Even if the physical universe changes according to how we perceive it, the reality is then that "the physical universe changes according to how we perceive it," and that is the same for everyone. So the Truth is that there is nothing (ONE is close enough to nothing relative to the infinite possibilities of perception) and we're all experiencing the various permutations of nothingness.
I'm just arguing for the sake of it. I don't have any [other] personal reason for arguing the points you've all made. Love you all!
Feb 17, 2010
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Feb 17, 2010
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Feb 17, 2010
Rank: 2.5 / 5 (2)
That's an interesting heuristic.
I don't know for sure what you mean by reality.
I do know that it has been proven that astronauts experience time dilation. If reality involves time, then their reality is different than those that are not experiencing high velocities.
Feb 17, 2010
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Disorder Of The Brain - Clinically Proven Brain Fitness Programs. Play a Free Game Now!
Feb 17, 2010
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The first Star Trek pilot, The Cage, discussed this issue of what is 'real'.
Feb 18, 2010
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Feb 18, 2010
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You first. What is FOAD? You continue to ignore that question.
Feb 18, 2010
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http://www.google.com/
-I'll give you a hint- it's spelled F-O-A-D
Feb 27, 2010
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Feb 27, 2010
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Are you embarrassed to define the term?
My guess it is insulting or derogatory so why should I bother?
Feb 27, 2010
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Feb 28, 2010
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oh sry this post is not properly written
bye