Oceans Smaller And Warmer
May 20, 2010 By Jason Socrates Bardi
Credit: Anderson Mancini
Two new studies out this week give the best scientific estimates of the average depth of the world's oceans, the total amount of water they contain, and the extent to which this water warmed over the last two decades - the latter being an important measure of climate change.
In the first study, reported in the journal Oceanography, a team from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts analyzed global satellite data and made the best-ever estimate of the amount of water in the world's oceans. They put the figure at more than 1.3 billion cubic kilometers. Though that's slightly less water than scientists had previously estimated, it's still enough to fill more than 1.5 million Olympic-size swimming pools for each person in the United States.
The Water-Climate Relation
The second study, reported in this week's issue of the journal Nature, addresses how all this water can help scientists track global warming and predict its effects.
Led by John Lyman at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, this study involved a team of researchers from the United States, Germany, and Japan. They analyzed several different sets of ocean temperature measurements collected around the world from 1993 through 2008.
These measurements were made by different groups over this 16-year period using different assumptions. Some discrepancies between them arose because of the way the data was processed. Some swaths of ocean were not sampled as widely or as often as others. Changes in instrumentation have confused the issue further.
However, Lyman and colleagues standardized all the measurements and in doing so they found the same general trend for all the data.
"Although you see differences, they are all fairly consistent,” said Lyman.
They also averaged the results from these groups, which gave them the best estimate to date of the extent to which the top layers of the ocean have warmed over the last two decades. Lyman said that information is important because it is a good measure of global warming.
"Ninety percent of the energy [trapped by increased greenhouse gasses] goes into the ocean," said Kevin Trenberth of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, an expert who was not involved in the NOAA study.
"It's important to track this in order to properly understand what is happening in the climate system," Trenberth said. "If you dump heat in the ocean and it gets moved around and reappears somewhere, it has consequences in terms of the weather patterns."
A climatologist at NASA who was not involved in the research said this week that the long-term trends in ocean warming presented in the new study have confirmed other results in the field.
"That's what the climate models were predicting would be happening," said Gavin Schmidt, the NASA climatologist. "It's a great paper."
Provided by Inside Science News Service
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May 20, 2010
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (9)
select year, avg(temp) from temperature_data
group by year
instead of blindly believing to what Gavin says.
May 20, 2010
Rank: 2.9 / 5 (11)
May 20, 2010
Rank: 3.3 / 5 (12)
Frankly, I don't even know why we call them trolls. It seems "ass" would be more descriptive.
May 20, 2010
Rank: 2.7 / 5 (7)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (8)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (10)
http://tinyurl.com/y3bu7ya
There are another indicia of hypothesis, Earth is passing through dark matter cloud, which possibly surrounds the approaching invisible massive object. Excentricity of Sedna planetoid indicates, it revolves some massive object outside of solar system.
Massive objects would swell in more dense vacuum surrounding the invisible object and kilogram or meter prototypes would expand and lost its mass, when compared with younger copies of it.
http://www.physor...759.html
http://www.physor...s64.html
The change of vacuum density influences the speed of light and distances between planets
http://physics.ve...699.html
In this context it may be significant, the decay speed of some radioactive elements was observed increasing
http://physicswor...ws/36108
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (10)
http://physicswor...ws/42356
In this article the earthquakes became five times more energetic, then before.
http://tinyurl.com/y3bu7ya
Do you remember the disaster 2012 movie? Maybe it was quite correct at both factual, both physical level.
I've nothing to say about this extrapolations - I'm just collecting various indicia and connections like other physicists. After all, this is why we are paying abstract research, which has no immediate usage. But when this research is done already, we should make some conclusions from it - or we are paying it uselessly.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (7)
http://www.wnd.co...Id=75434
We ignored their experience, because we haven't both evidence, both any feasible explanation for it. But this is not a true anymore: we have theory for it and the indicia are emerging in increased speed.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (8)
http://www.scienc...2752.htm
Note that the marine watter contains rather large amount of potassium, too. The total activity of ocean water exceeds 3.8 x 10E+11 Ci (14000 EBq). What will happen, if some process would accelerate its decay by let say one percent?
http://www.physic...ural.htm
May 21, 2010
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (8)
The fact, you did understood nothing doesn't mean anything. Even silly dog could bark it after hearing about Pythagoras theorem for two days.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
Examples:
Bullshit.
Bullshit
Bullshit
Bullshit.
Need I go on?
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2.7 / 5 (7)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2.7 / 5 (7)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (8)
For example, 2012 movie was based on idea, neutrinos gone wild and they melted the Earth core. It looks like apparent nonsense, but recently was found, the increase of neutrino flux can really accelerate the decay of heavy elements.
http://www.tasc-c...ino.html
http://arxiv.org/abs/0808.3283
http://www.astroe.../?p=1382
In addition, neutrinos are considered to be a constituent of dark matter. Active (left-handed) ones alone account for some 9.5% dark matter, so sterile (right-handed) ones with similar mass are needed to achieve about 19%.
http://dx.doi.org...86/59001
Of course, the trolls, who doesn't know about all these articles & connections could believe easily, the 2012 movie is based on pseudo-scientific baloney, because such articles aren't presented during regular TV shows.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (6)
You have that backwards.
Accelerated decay produces higher neutrino emissions, not higher neutrino interaction bringing about accelerated decay.
How about those of us who can read?
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (7)
http://physicswor...ws/36108
As you can see, it's too easy and seductive to say "Bullshit!" - but the physics is an experimental science and experiments always come first. You're just promoting theory, the neutrino flux doesn't change the decay speed of elements - but the experiments are contradicting it.
http://arxiv.org/abs/0808.3283
It's just you, who is crackpot here - don't you think?
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (6)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 4.4 / 5 (7)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.6 / 5 (7)
Living in denial: special report: introduction to the articles like:
When a skeptic isn't a skeptic by Michael Shermer
Why sensible people reject the truth by Debora MacKenzie
How corporation manufacture doubt by Richard DeSmogBlog Littlemore Thanoneshit
Unleashing a lie by Jim Giles
Questioning science isn't blasphemy by Michael Fitzpatrick
The truth is our only weapon by Michael Shermer
Most of Britain now underwater: skeptics keeping it secret
http://www.newsci...ial.html
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2.1 / 5 (7)
Do you know why no one takes you seriously, Alizee? Do you remember the crackpot scoresheet? You score far too high to ever be taken seriously, you only deserve scorn and ridicule.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.6 / 5 (7)
Yes - this is why it's called so. Does it prove something? Does the fact, green apple is not yellow apple prove something?
Do you know, what the tautology is?
Free roaming muons? Do you understand the difference between neutrinos and muons?
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (8)
Yep, you've got that right out7x. Air's density is trivial compared to liquid water anyway, as is it's thermal conductivity and specific heat coefficient. The ability of air to affect water temperature is so small that it's actually funny the way they said that. Sunlight and cloud cover are the main contributors to water temp as far as I know, not air temperature. Anyone who's been to the beach knows that it's the water that influences air temp, not the other way around. It cools the air in day and warms the air at night. If you could condense all the thermal energy in the entire atmosphere, it would equate to the thermal energy of just a thin slice of the ocean's surface. You can cool water by blowing on it (even with warm air, because of evaporation) but heating water with air is difficult.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (6)
Do you even remotely understand the conservation of energy? Did you think before you wrote that? Do you think anecdotal observations devoid of understanding are applicable to scientific use? Your entire comment is full of nothing but anecdotes with nothing approaching scientific insight, why did you even write it?
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2.9 / 5 (7)
There is a conservation of energy in the heat exchange of coastal areas that happens, and then there is the dimming effect that increases due to lowering albedo (algae blooms at higher temps and other feedback effects). Oceans cover massive parts of the world and absorb sunlight just like terra.
There are so many errors in GSwift's post and you just sat there and admitted that you didn't even see them. Good job, aether dip.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
Using different words to say the same thing isn't at play here. Are you just trying to yank long words from the dictionary and hurl them at me as though I don't understand what you're talking about?
Ok so you're wholly ignorant of what allows for accelerated decay.
The only proved methodology of accelerating radioactive decay is muon bombardment, it's even in the article you linked. You didn't read it.
Going to google and typing in junk to help exemplify your point only works if you actually read it and it goes along with your point. Your theory is also wholly incorrect as we know the ocean is
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.5 / 5 (8)
The energy conservation law is invariant to the kinetic of heat exchange. This exchange can be quite slow, yet fulfilling the energy conservation law well.
You apparently didn't understand the point of GSwift's argument at all, because most of your posts and voting is motivated only by social negativism.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.7 / 5 (6)
http://arxiv.org/abs/0808.3283
doesn't contain "muon" word....
Neither this one
http://physicswor...ws/36108
Funnily enough, the only notion of muon at this page comes from me...;-)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 5 / 5 (5)
http://physicswor...ws/36108
Above and beyond that, what would be the only source of free muons in nature? Oh yeah, a star. So hypothetically decay rates that can be accelerated using muon bombardment could and probably would be affected by changes in the distance from the Earth to the largest solar system nuclear reactor. Also of note, the fact you completely skipped the entirety of Earth Solar radioactivity interactions.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
If muons can catalyze nuclear fusion, why the particles of solar wind (like the neutrinos) couldn't catalyze other nuclear processes?
Of course, the existence of muon catalyzed fusion cannot serve as an evidence against neutrino catalyzed fission at all - on the contrary.
Neutrinos are weak lepton charged particles only - they could come even much closer to atom nuclei, then the muons.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
Weak interaction vs energetic strong interaction. I'm not saying it's impossible, but increases in radioactive decay do not occur due to neutrinos or neutralinos otherwise fission reactors would be "magically" missing fuel, breeder reactors wouldn't work.
But they won't do anything when they get there, while a muon would result in a higher energy state and greater periodic emission. Weak interaction vs strong interaction, it makes a HUGE difference.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (4)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (8)
This is called "projection", broglia/Alizee/seneca/ZeroX. Look it up. I rate things as a 1 when they come from known crackpots or their contents deserve a 1. In your case, it just happens to be both.
Go troll somewhere else.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3.3 / 5 (7)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.8 / 5 (6)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3.3 / 5 (7)
Mainly the part where you simplify the statement made into an air/ocean interface when that isn't what the statement said at all. Greenhouse gases work by trapping and reflecting IR wavelengths (those aren't the same thing), long term causing ground based temperatures to increase as there is a negative energy balance (summarized by the term "dimming"). This is all basic stuff, but the complex means by which heat trapped and reflected by the upper atmosphere can not be simplified down to the interface of energies at the ocean/air interface.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (7)
The fact, the rotation of Earth cannot be simplified into circle because of complexity of solar system still doesn't disprove the fact, Earth is revolving the Sun. Such objection is simply invariant to point of discussion.
BTW "Interface of energies" is an unphysical BS. I hope, you're realizing it.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2.6 / 5 (5)
Oh, really? Tell me that the dense aether theory teaches you this, please!?
http://en.wikiped...fect.svg Here is a simple picture for your simple little mind, Aetherfool.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (6)
I hope you aren't confusing the greenhouse effect with global dimming. The latter is a phenomenon due to particulate and smog pollution, which creates a sunlight-reflecting haze and effectively shades the ground while boosting the overall albedo. The net effect is that of cooling, not warming. Of course, it's only achievable at the cost of massive air pollution...
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1.3 / 5 (3)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2 / 5 (3)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3.3 / 5 (7)
And yes, GSwift, I should have said lower atmosphere.
Would you now like to answer why you simplified the statement "Ninety percent of the energy [trapped by increased greenhouse gasses] goes into the ocean," down to the air/ocean interface? I've admitted the mistakes pointed out to me, would you like to admit yours?
May 21, 2010
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
All heat ultimately must escape into space through the upper atmosphere. That's the only path for Earth to shed the energy it absorbs from the Sun.
Greenhouse gases can make the upper atmosphere more opaque to infrared (escaping heat.) In fact, upper atmosphere is severely depleted in water vapor, whereas CO2 enrichment affects it just as much as lower atmosphere. As a result, and also because CO2 absorption wavelengths overlap with water vapor, particularly under higher pressures, CO2's greenhouse effect contribution is actually much more potent in the upper atmosphere, than it is in the lower atmosphere.
As for warming (and thus increased absolute humidity) resulting in fewer clouds which supposedly has a net cooling effect (even despite the increased absolute humidity), you'd have to forgive me for being extremely skeptical. Could it merely be that satellites see more "heat" when there are fewer clouds to block its escape?
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (4)
Why did the question of the air/ocean interface even come up, then? It seemed trollish at the time, because yes, it is minuscule and really isn't even what anyone is talking about. So why did you then include this:
in your earliest post? It seems totally out of place.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (2)
And yes, if a satalite sees more IR then more IR is escaping into space, otherwise it couldn't see it, right?
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
May 21, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
May 21, 2010
Rank: not rated yet
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (6)
http://www.skepti...tent.gif
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (9)
I could care less if I'm feeding them. When we let them run rampant and post bullshit, people read it and start thinking it's correct. If the media can't be accurate, I can be. I just need to reach more people. If the internet and physorg gives that power of reason and widespread education, I'm on board.
The oceans temperature is based on what has happened, air temp is far more fickle.
Once you descend about 2000m you won't find any warming. If the oceans were warming from the bottom up you would expect to see multiple anomalous thermal currents.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (6)
Why are you looking at simulations, GSwift? Do you mean you are looking at projections and curve fits or are you looking at the results of climate models and somehow declaring them incorrect? What are you reading that is giving you the impression that there is something wrong? If it is anyone that thinks that Anthony Watts has something useful to say on the matter, then it isn't a serious site.
I love to see more data included in the proxy graphs, I understand why MBH98 didn't show a medieval warming, I can see where the IPCC07 encouraged climatologists to be too aggressive with their conclusions and I understand the dispute against temperature monitoring stations showing bias (I don't agree with the conclusions of it, however). Is there something specific you would like to have answered, you at least seem open.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (3)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
If you look at the web sites and official statements from any of the authorities, they all say the same thing: there are uncertainties in the data and more info is needed. The atmospheric data is very questionable and largely limited to surface observations. Sea temps are even more limited than land temps. Upper atmosphere temps are mostly based on measurements taken in the past 50 or so years. Satalite temps are, statistically speaking, not very accurate based on the sample rate, sample length, and statistical error bounds. All of the temp records are estimates and the actual values of everything involved here, from temp to concentrations of aerosols and gasses are estimated with additive errors in statistical significance that make it very difficult to say with certainty that your statement is actually true, although the current opinion (and mine) agrees with you.
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (2)
I'd like to see a LOT more data over a LOT longer period of time. The El Nino events alone account for more noise in current data than the conclusions merrit, and that's just one deviation. When you combine all the deviations and the "corrections" in the simulations or models, you exceed the statistical signifigance of the effect you are measuring, right? They have only just began to study the effect of aerosals and they don't have funding to collect enough data in the ocean and atmosphere and earth as a whole. That's what this kind of article is about I think. They are trying their best to compete for funding against other underfunded projects. Why don't we just bail out another private venture and ignore the important science that really needs to be done before we even begin to understand what's going on? Because if the scientists admit that they don't understand something, then the politicians won't understand the trends and they will ignore them, right?
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2.6 / 5 (5)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (3)
May 21, 2010
Rank: 2.3 / 5 (6)
Both sides are equal, so vote Rand Paul?
Please provide proof that the other side of the argument is well supported, or supported at all.
And I don't think I'm mischaracterizing your arguments at all, you're giving off the impression I would get from a "concern troll" in order to sound reasonable.
May 22, 2010
Rank: 1.7 / 5 (6)
May 22, 2010
Rank: 2 / 5 (2)
You could also use google and learn about the uncertianties in the data and the possible implications of all the unanswered questions. There are some very important climate factors that are not understood very well. Clouds and aerosols for example.
Rand Paul? That was a trolling comment. Nothing more than a personal attack. I try not to respond to stuff like that, or the part where you call me a concern troll, which is more name-calling and another personal attack.
Read that book I suggested and see what they have to say. I'm not saying it's 100% correct, but interresting
May 22, 2010
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (8)
No need to read it, it is useless pablum being sold to faithful morons. I'll stick to journals, thanks, you know those places where the "other side" has never actually published? Yeah, McIntyre published, but he was debunked within a month of publication.
You seem to be the same as a political "independent" running around claiming there is no difference between the parties, so vote for X. What I used was just a current meme that is going around for an attempt at humorous effect, not a personal shot.
And I said you remind me of a concern troll, and so far you don't seem to be changing my mind. It really does look exactly like you're just taking a soft-denialist approach, approaching things with faux-concern in order to hide your actual intentions.
May 22, 2010
Rank: 4.2 / 5 (5)
If it's not 100% correct, and it's interesting, it's not factual, it's entertainment. Please recognize it as such going forward.
May 22, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
It's worth the time it'll take to read it. It's got plenty of good hard science and it's written by a credible source.
May 22, 2010
Rank: 1.3 / 5 (3)
May 22, 2010
Rank: 4.4 / 5 (7)
There's a reason why I keep the word Skeptic in my screen name. I question AGW only as much as I'm not 100% convinced, however, there is warming, there is ice loss, there are oceanic temperature increases, and no contradictory evidence for the established statement of AGW. At this time I must take it as our leading hypothesis until final compelling evidence is found (unlikely in the short term), or our hypothesis is validated through experimentation (global reduction of CO2 emissions). Yes, this is a very expensive experiment, but, we do need to engage in it, as scholars and scientists. Only then can we determine who's 100% wrong, and who wasn't.
May 22, 2010
Rank: 1.7 / 5 (3)
May 22, 2010
Rank: 3.5 / 5 (4)
May 22, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (3)
May 22, 2010
Rank: 4 / 5 (4)
May 22, 2010
Rank: 3.9 / 5 (7)
As for your book, just reading the Editorial Reviews about it indicates deep flaws in their premises. The first one I found, and when I stopped reading, is that the authors try to say that permafrost thawing isn't going to cause massive releases of methane. In fact, we've already observed massive methane releases in the last 6 months which may be directly related to the warming of the Arctic. They were conclusive that wouldn't happen, which means they can't be taken seriously.
May 22, 2010
Rank: 4 / 5 (8)
May 22, 2010
Rank: 3.9 / 5 (7)
Journals, however, don't give a very big picture, which means you have to read through a lot to form a complete picture.
May 22, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (5)
Is The Sun Is About To Enter A Million-Degree Cloud Of Interstellar Gas?
http://www.scient...llar_gas
May 22, 2010
Rank: 3 / 5 (2)
Well other than that he is perfectly right, right?:)
May 23, 2010
Rank: 4.3 / 5 (6)
See GSwift? This is what improper "entertainment" science journalism does to you.
May 24, 2010
Rank: 1 / 5 (4)
Oh, and thanks for attacking my again with that last comment. Nice one. I guess when you come accross someone who is able to intelligently argue an opinion that doesn't agree with your, it's easiest to just compare me to some crackpot and laugh.
There is no denying the fact that climate study doesn't have very good data. If you go back and look at the full text of the original version of the above article, you'll see that this site chose to cut out part of the article where Mr. Lyman talked about the problems with his own data. He said that he hopes to get better data going forward by using the new sensors that he and his company are selling. HMMMMMM. Credible source?
May 24, 2010
Rank: 5 / 5 (3)
May 24, 2010
Rank: 3.7 / 5 (3)
I'm merely warning you before you become similar to them.