Mechanism links abnormal blood clots with Alzheimer's disease

New research suggests that abnormalities in the process of blood clot formation may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study, published by Cell Press in the June 10 issue of the journal Neuron, advances our understanding of the link between vascular pathology and AD and proposes a new therapeutic strategy aimed at slowing cognitive decline.

One documented characteristic of AD is the deposition of ?-amyloid peptide (A?) in the walls of cerebral blood vessels, known as cerebral (CAA). CAA leads to a degeneration of , compromised blood flow, and significant cognitive decline. There is also evidence that vascular diseases such as stroke, atherosclerosis, and hypertension are associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD, and that an abnormally elevated level of fibrinogen, the protein critical for , is correlated with AD.

"Substantial evidence suggests that AD has a strong vascular component. However, there is no known mechanism that explains how A? could alter the process of blood clot formation," says senior study author, Dr. Sidney Strickland from the Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics at The Rockefeller University. Dr. Strickland and colleagues performed a series of experiments examining the relationship between A? and blood clot formation in AD.

They found that fibrin clots formed in the presence of A? were structurally abnormal and resistant to degradation. Importantly, AD mice with decreased levels of fibrinogen in their blood exhibited less A? accumulation in the walls of cerebral blood vessels and performed better in memory tasks. Based on these results, the authors propose a mechanism whereby the association between A? and fibrinogen causes altered blood clotting, leading to compromised blood flow and inflammation that contributes to the associated with AD.

The authors go on to suggest that their proposed mechanism may be effectively targeted for treatment of AD. "A drug that could interfere with the effects of A? on fibrin clot formation would in theory normalize any blood clots formed in the brain, hence improving cerebral and neuronal function and survival," explains Dr. Strickland. "Because such a drug would have little effect on general clotting in other locations where A? levels are low, this approach could have significant therapeutic benefit for the treatment of AD."

More information: Cortes-Canteli et al.: “Fibrinogen and β-Amyloid Association Alters Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis: a Possible Contributing Factor to Alzheimer’s Disease.” Publishing in Neuron 66, 695-709, June 10, 2010. DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.05.014

Provided by Cell Press
Citation: Mechanism links abnormal blood clots with Alzheimer's disease (2010, June 9) retrieved 29 March 2024 from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2010-06-mechanism-links-abnormal-blood-clots.html
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