Deep Impact's Impactor Meets Tempel 1 Comet (first picture)

July 4, 2005

The above image from NASA TV is a view from Deep Impact's flyby showing the impactor colliding with comet Tempel 1.

A US space projectile crashed head-on into a comet hurtling through the solar system Monday in an unprecedented feat of technology that scientists hope will help reveal the secrets of the Universe.

The probe rammed the heart of the Tempel 1 comet exactly as planned at 0552 GMT, 133 million kilometers (83 million miles) from Earth.

"That's awesome! That's awesome!" US flight control officials shouted after the impact was confirmed. "We hit just exactly where we wanted to."

A picture sent to Earth by a fly-by probe showed a bright flash of light as the projectile collided with the comet, which is traveling through the solar system at approximately 37,100 kilometers (23,000 miles) per hour and is equal in size to half of Manhattan Island.

The copper-laden impactor was beaming back high-resolution pictures of the comet until just a few seconds before the collision.

They showed craters, ridges and presumed glaciers on the potato-shaped comet that was discovered in 1867 and named Tempel 1.

"We have put a new trail for other people to follow," said Charles Elachi, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration that was a key partner in the experiment.

The reason scientists are so excited is that comets circling the Sun, which are numbered in billions, are seen as leftovers from a massive cloud of gas and dust that condensed to form the Sun and planets about 4.6 billion years ago.

Their geological and chemical structures could thus contain important clues to the nature of the Universe and how it was formed, including Earth.

The projectile was fired from a mothership spacecraft, "Deep Impact," that was itself launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida in January.

This image from NASA TV shows the nucleus of comet Tempel 1 before impact from Deep Impact´s flyby´s high-resolution imager. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UMD

It undertook a 173-day, 431-million-kilometer journey to get close to Tempel 1. After launching the projectile, it then recorded data from the impact.

"It's just absolutely stunning," NASA Associate Administrator Al Diaz told reporters.

"To be in a situation where we are here tracking a comet for this period of time and then precisely positioning a spacecraft in a way that creates that environment that is so bright... I am speechless!"

He said the success was thanks to broad cooperation between scientists and researchers inside and outside the United States.

Although incoming imagery is still to be analyzed, the impact was expected to gouge a large crater on the surface of the comet, sending up a cloud of ice, dust and debris that researchers hope will offer valuable information.

A separate fly-by probe took images of the resulting cloud, which scientists believe could contain particles from the comet nucleus.

"We're just basically starting our work now," said Michael A'Hearn, "Deep Impact" principal investigator, "Interpreting will take a bit of a time".

On Saturday, Tempel 1 belched out more ice and dust, expanding the size of the cloud around it.

The outburst, the fourth in the past three weeks, was not of particular concern to National Aeronautics and Space Administration scientists, said project manager Rick Grammier.

"The comet is definitely full of surprises so far and probably has a few more in store for us," he commented.

Scientists insisted that although the experiment was reminiscent of the 1998 movie "Deep Impact," in which a US spaceship attacks a monster comet with nuclear weapons to ward off its collision with Earth, the real-life strike on Tempel 1 was in pursuit of exclusively scientific goals.

"Comet Tempel 1 poses no threat to the Earth now or in the foreseeable future," said Don Yeomans, a mission scientist with NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

In Moscow, meanwhile, a Russian astrologist said she was filing a lawsuit against NASA on the grounds that the bombardment of Tempel 1 would both upset her horoscope and violate her spiritual rights.

Marina Bai said she was demanding 8.7 billion rubles (302 million dollars) compensation from NASA via the agency's representative office in Russia.

Story: (c) 2005 AFP
Image credit: NASA