News tagged with magma
Putting the squeeze on planets outside our solar system
(PhysOrg.com) -- Using high-powered lasers, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and collaborators discovered that molten magnesium silicate undergoes a phase change in the liquid state, abruptly ...
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'Atlantis' volcano gives tips for mega-eruptions
Around 1630 BC, a super-volcano blew apart the Aegean island of Santorini, an event so violent that some theorists say it nurtured the legend of Atlantis.
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Feb 01, 2012 |
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New research explains how diamond rich kimberlite makes its way to Earth's surface
(PhysOrg.com) -- Kimberlite, a type of magma that is normally found deep within the Earth’s crust is known to somehow make its way to the surface at times, and when it does, it quite often has diamonds ...
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Jan 19, 2012 |
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Supervolcanoes: Not a threat for 2012
The geological record holds clues that throughout Earth's 4.5-billion-year lifetime massive supervolcanoes, far larger than Mount St. Helens or Mount Pinatubo, have erupted. However, despite the claims of ...
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Nov 15, 2011 |
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Possible trigger for volcanic 'super-eruptions' found
The "super-eruption" of a major volcanic system occurs about every 100,000 years and is considered one of the most catastrophic natural events on Earth, yet scientists have long been unsure about what triggers ...
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Oct 12, 2011 |
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Second bid to launch NASA's Moon-bound spacecraft
NASA will try again Friday to launch a $500 million pair of unmanned spacecraft that will use gravity tools to map the Moon's inner core for the first time, after high winds delayed a first attempt.
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
Sep 09, 2011 |
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Man in the moon looking younger
Earth's Moon could be younger than previously thought, according to new research from a team that includes Carnegie's Richard Carlson and former-Carnegie fellow Maud Boyet. Their work will be published online ...
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
Aug 17, 2011 |
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Iceland's Hekla volcano shows signs of activity
(AP) -- Scientists are monitoring unusual underground activity that could signal an eruption at the Hekla volcano in southern Iceland.
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Jul 06, 2011 |
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Parts of moon interior contains as much water as Earth's upper mantle
Parts of the moon's interior contains as much water as the upper mantle of the Earth - 100 times more of the precious liquid than measured before – research from Case Western Reserve University, Carnegie ...
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
May 26, 2011 |
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Scientists move closer to predicting volcano hazard
UK and Russian scientists say they are a step closer to predicting how dangerous a volcano is after developing a method that lets them figure out how individual volcanoes are 'plumbed'.
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
May 18, 2011 |
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Galileo spacecraft reveals magma 'ocean' beneath surface of Jupiter's moon Io
A new analysis of data from NASA's Galileo spacecraft has revealed that beneath the surface of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io is an "ocean" of molten or partially molten magma.
Space & Earth / Space Exploration
May 12, 2011 |
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Magma chambers awake sooner than thought
Until now it was thought that once a volcano's magma chamber had cooled down it remained dormant for centuries before it could be remobilized by fresh magma. A theoretical model developed by Alain Burgisser of the Orléans ...
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Mar 07, 2011 |
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Magma power for geothermal energy?
When a team of scientists drilling near an Icelandic volcano hit magma in 2009, they had to abandon their planned experiments on geothermal energy. But the mishap could point the way to an alternative source of geothermal ...
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Feb 17, 2011 |
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Geologists get unique and unexpected opportunity to study magma
Geologists drilling an exploratory geothermal well in 2009 in the Krafla volcano in Iceland encountered a problem they were simply unprepared for: magma (molten rock or lava underground) which flowed unexpectedly ...
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Feb 16, 2011 |
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Hot stuff: Magma at shallow depth under Hawaii
Ohio State University researchers have found a new way to gauge the depth of the magma chamber that forms the Hawaiian Island volcanic chain, and determined that the magma lies much closer to the surface than previously thought.
Space & Earth / Earth Sciences
Dec 13, 2010 |
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Magma
Magma is molten rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and may also exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles. Magma often collects in a magma chamber inside a volcano. Magma is capable of intrusion into adjacent rocks, extrusion onto the surface as lava, and explosive ejection as tephra to form pyroclastic rock.
Magma is a complex high-temperature fluid substance. Temperatures of most magmas are in the range 700°C to 1300°C (or 1292°F to 2372°F), but very rare carbonatite melts may be as cool as 600°C, and komatiite melts may have been as hot as 1600°C. Most are silicate solutions.
Environments of magma formation and compositions are commonly correlated. Environments include subduction zones, continental rift zones, mid-oceanic ridges, and hotspots, some of which are interpreted as mantle plumes. Despite being found in such widespread locales, the bulk of the Earth's crust and mantle is not molten. Rather, most of the Earth takes the form of a rheid, a form of solid that can move or deform under pressure. Magma, as liquid, preferentially forms in high temperature, low pressure environments within several kilometers of the Earth's surface.
Magma compositions may evolve after formation by fractional crystallization, contamination, and magma mixing. By definition, all igneous rock is formed from magma.
While the study of magma has historically relied on observing magma in the form of lava outflows, magma was discovered in situ for the first time in 2008.
For more information about Magma, read the full article at
Wikipedia.
This text uses material from Wikipedia and is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.
