Neuron
hideA neuron (pronounced /ˈnjʊərɒn/ N(Y)OOR-on, also known as a neurone or nerve cell) is an excitable cell in the nervous system that processes and transmits information by electrochemical signalling. Neurons are the core components of the brain, the vertebrate spinal cord, the invertebrate ventral nerve cord, and the peripheral nerves. A number of specialized types of neurons exist: sensory neurons respond to touch, sound, light and numerous other stimuli affecting cells of the sensory organs that then send signals to the spinal cord and brain. Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord and cause muscle contractions and affect glands. Interneurons connect neurons to other neurons within the same region of the brain or spinal cord. Neurons respond to stimuli, and communicate the presence of stimuli to the central nervous system, which processes that information and sends responses to other parts of the body for action. Neurons do not go through mitosis, and usually cannot be replaced after being destroyed, although astrocytes have been observed to turn into neurons as they are sometimes pluripotent.
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News tagged with neurons
Tiny molecule slows progression of Lou Gehrig's disease in mice
Dec 10, 2009 |
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Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have found that a molecule produced naturally by muscles in response to nerve damage can reduce symptoms and prolong life in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ...
RXR activation -- hope for new Parkinson's disease treatment
Medicine & Health / Neuroscience
Dec 11, 2009 |
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Following up on their previous work showing the rescue of dopamine neurons by chemicals that interact with the retinoid X receptor (RXR), researchers have now investigated the potential of these chemicals, known as RXR ligands, ...
'Volume dial' neurone may aid spinal disease
Medicine & Health / Neuroscience
Dec 11, 2009 |
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(PhysOrg.com) -- Scottish researchers have discovered a new class of neuron that may lead to new therapies for spinal injury.
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Light used to map effect of neurons on one another
Medicine & Health / Neuroscience
4 hours ago |
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(PhysOrg.com) -- Scientists at Harvard University have used light and genetic trickery to trace out neurons' ability to excite or inhibit one another, literally shedding new light on the question of how neurons ...
Exposure to young triggers new neuron creation in females exhibiting maternal behavior
Medicine & Health / Neuroscience
4 hours ago |
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Maternal behavior itself can trigger the development of new neurons in the maternal brain independent of whether the female was pregnant or has nursed, according to a study released by researchers at Tufts University's Cummings ...
Master gene Math1 controls framework for perceiving external and internal body parts
Dec 14, 2009 |
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Waking and walking to the bathroom in the pitch black of night requires brain activity that is both conscious and unconscious and requires a single master gene known as Math1 or Atoh1, said Baylor College of Medicine researchers ...
Scientists decode memory-forming brain cell conversations
Medicine & Health / Neuroscience
Dec 16, 2009 |
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The conversations neurons have as they form and recall memories have been decoded by Medical College of Georgia scientists.
Stanford researchers develop the next generation of retinal implants
Dec 10, 2009 |
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(PhysOrg.com) -- A team of Stanford researchers has developed a new generation of retinal implants that aims to provide higher resolution and make artificial vision more natural.
Rain or Shine? Computer Models How Brain Cells Reach a Decision
Medicine & Health / Neuroscience
Dec 14, 2009 |
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(PhysOrg.com) -- Yale University researchers have devised a computer model to explain how the brain makes decisions based on statistical probabilities-as, for instance, when a doctor makes a diagnosis based on several conflicting ...
Physics rules network dynamics
Dec 11, 2009 |
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(PhysOrg.com) -- When it comes to the workings of the Web, the brain, or a social network, physics finds universal truths.
Irregular arm swing may point to Parkinson's disease
Dec 10, 2009 |
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Irregular arm swings while walking could be an early sign of Parkinson's disease, according to neurologists who believe early detection may help physicians apply treatments to slow further brain cell damage until strategies ...
Extended youthfulness as a prevention for Alzheimer's disease
Dec 10, 2009 |
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Therapies that can keep us younger longer might also push back the clock on Alzheimer's disease, suggests a new study of mice in the December 11th issue of the journal Cell, a Cell Press publication.
The 'sci' behind the 'fi'
Dec 11, 2009 |
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As the voyagers of the Starship Enterprise boldly went to explore new worlds week after week on Star Trek, they used a host of futuristic technologies — including tricorders, holodecks, teleportation systems ...
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